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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Sub-Poisson source of radiation with strong suppression of quantum fluctuations of the intensity

А. В. Белинский, Anatolii S Chirkin

Published May 31, 1989• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An analysis is made of new possibilities of formation of a sufficiently strong radiation source with a sub-Poisson photon statistics. A nonlinear interferometer, excited by radiation from a degenerate parametric frequency converter, is proposed and analyzed in detail. In such a nonlinear interferometer the transformation due to phase modulation can not only suppress almost completely the classical intensity fluctuations, but also reduce greatly the quantum fluctuations. It is shown that the Fano factor (ratio of the photon number variance to the average number of photons) can under optimal conditions have a value of the order of 0.1.

DOI
10.1070/qe1989v019n05abeh007927

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An analysis is made of new possibilities of formation of a sufficiently strong radiation source with a sub-Poisson photon statistics. A nonlinear interferometer, excited by radiation from a degenerate parametric frequency converter, is proposed and analyzed in detail. In such a nonlinear interferometer the transformation due to phase modulation can not only suppress almost completely the classical intensity fluctuations, but also reduce greatly the quantum fluctuations. It is shown that the Fano factor (ratio of the photon number variance to the average number of photons) can under optimal conditions have a value of the order of 0.1.
A relatively simple and highly efficient method for producing quantum fields with the sub-Poisson photon statistics is proposed. Suppression of the dispersion of quantum fluctuations of the intensity may amount to more than one order of magnitude compared with the intensity of coherent radiation. This is possible in a process of nonlinear saturation of a photon flux crossing an interface between two dielectrics, the first of which is linear and the second is characterized by a refractive index dependent on the radiation intensity. The case of a reversed position of the two dielectrics is also considered. The use of such a nonlinear element as the exit mirror of a laser resonator is discussed.
A relatively simple and highly efficient method for producing quantum fields with the sub-Poisson photon statistics is proposed. Suppression of the dispersion of quantum fluctuations of the intensity may amount to more than one order of magnitude compared with the intensity of coherent radiation. This is possible in a process of nonlinear saturation of a photon flux crossing an interface between two dielectrics, the first of which is linear and the second is characterized by a refractive index dependent on the radiation intensity. The case of a reversed position of the two dielectrics is also considered. The use of such a nonlinear element as the exit mirror of a laser resonator is discussed.
The concepts listed in the title are introduced and clarified. The relations among them are pointed out. It is shown that the corresponding optical phenomena are definitely of a quantum nature. The basic quantities which are measured in correlation optical experiments are discussed. Manifestations of photon antibunching and of sub-Poisson photon statistics in the recording of delayed coincidences, in the distribution of photon counts, and in intensity fluctuation spectra are analyzed. (More precisely, what is involved is the spectrum of fluctuations in the photocurrent; all the results of the theoretical analysis in this review are expressed in terms of directly measurable quantities.) A diagram technique for calculating the correlation characteristics of the radiation from a polyatomic system is outlined. Photon correlations in nonlinear resonance fluorescence are analyzed. There is a discussion of approaches to the development of macroscopic sources of radiation with sub-Poisson photon statistics: the production of a squeezed state of a field in phase-sensitive parametric effects in nonlinear optics and the introduction of repulsive statistics in luminescence excitation events and in the pumping of a laser. Experiments in these directions which had been reported through April 1986 are discussed. The practical importance of reducing the quantum noise in radiation for extremely precise measurements and for optical data transmission is pointed out.
Images formed by light with suppressed photon fluctuations are interesting objects for studies with the aim of increasing their limiting information capacity and quality. This light in the sub-Poisson state can be prepared in a resonator filled with a medium with Kerr nonlinearity, in which self-phase modulation takes place. Spatially and temporally multimode light beams are studied and the production of spatial frequency spectra of suppressed photon fluctuations is described. The efficient operation regimes of the system are found. A particular schematic solution is described, which allows one to realize the potential possibilities laid in the formation of the squeezed states of light to a maximum degree during self-phase modulation in a resonator for the maximal suppression of amplitude quantum noises upon two-dimensional imaging. The efficiency of using light with suppressed quantum fluctuations for computer image processing is studied. An algorithm is described for interpreting measurements for increasing the resolution with respect to the geometrical resolution. A mathematical model that characterizes the measurement scheme is constructed and the problem of the image reconstruction is solved. The algorithm for the interpretation of images is verified. Conditions are found for the efficient application of sub-Poisson light for super-resolution imaging. It is found that the image should have a low contrast and be maximally transparent.
As a function of the driving strength, a degenerate parametric oscillator exhibits an instability at which spontaneous oscillations occur. Close to threshold, both the nonlinearity as well as fluctuations are vital to the accurate description of the dynamics. We study the statistics of the radiation that is emitted by the degenerate parametric oscillator at threshold. For a weak nonlinearity, we can employ a quasiclassical description. We identify a universal Liouvillian that captures the relevant long-time dynamics for large photon-numbers. We find that the cumulants obey a universal power-law scaling as a function of the nonlinearity. The Fano factor shows a maximum close, but not coinciding, with the threshold. Moreover, we predict a certain ratio of the first three cumulants to be independent of the microscopic details of the system and connect the results to experimental platforms.