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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Generation of high frequency photons with sub-Poissonian statistics at consecutive interactions

A. S. Chirkin, A V Nikandrov

Published Mar 28, 2003• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The process of parametric amplification at high frequency pumping, which is accompanied by optical frequency mixing in the same nonlinear crystal (NC), is considered. It is shown that if a signal wave is in a coherent state at the input of the NC, then the radiation with signal and summary frequencies can have sub-Poissonian photon statistics at the output of the NC in the deamplification regime. The Fano factors as functions of parameters of the problem are studied.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/5/2/309

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The process of parametric amplification at high frequency pumping, which is accompanied by optical frequency mixing in the same nonlinear crystal (NC), is considered. It is shown that if a signal wave is in a coherent state at the input of the NC, then the radiation with signal and summary frequencies can have sub-Poissonian photon statistics at the output of the NC in the deamplification regime. The Fano factors as functions of parameters of the problem are studied.
Quasi-phase-matched consecutive three-frequency interactions between waves with nonmultiple frequencies are considered. The quantum theory of parametric amplification is developed in the approximation of an undepleted low-frequency pump field in the Heisenberg representation. It is shown that, with a certain choice of quasi-phase-matching orders, the regime of exponential increase in the mean number of photons of interacting waves can be realized. In this case, the photon statistics of generated waves is super-Poissonian one. The correlation of fluctuations of numbers of photons with different frequencies is also considered.
Quantum properties of parametric amplification and frequency conversion of an optical image in coupled parametric interactions are analyzed for the case of a remote object. The coupled-wave interaction consists of a traditional process of parametric amplification in the high-frequency pump field accompanied by the frequency mixing of generated and pump waves. The photon number density and signal-to-noise ratio at the interacting frequencies are studied in the image plane at the output of the nonlinear frequency converter in the fixed pump field approximation. The degree of entanglement of optical images at frequencies above and below the pump frequency is investigated.
The parametric approximation is used in a statistical analysis of the frequency conversion of an optical field by a noncentrosymmetric crystal which couples an input wave of frequency 0 < ω < ωL/2 to output waves of frequency ω+nωL(n = 0, ±1, ±2, ...; ωL is the pump frequency). An expression is obtained for the characteristic function of the output field which is described in terms of a matrix of the coupling coefficients in the case of Gaussian (displaced) statistics of the input field with independent modes. The mutual statistics of the output waves with n ≥ 0 and n' < 0 is not Gaussian but corresponds, in the lowest approximation with respect to the pump wave and in the absence of the input field, to a spontaneous (direct or cascade) decay of pump photons into photon pairs. The intensity of the radiation represented by the n ≥ 0 modes is equal to the intensity of the radiation emerging from a classical converter which receives one photon in each mode with n' < 0. The special case of three interacting modes with n = −1, 0, 1 (upconverter or light modulator) is considered in detail. The noise intensities and correlations between the numbers of photons in two and three modes are found for this case, and the spatial-temporal correlation function of the fields of the Stokes (n' = −1) and anti-Stokes (n = 1) frequencies is determined.
We study sub-Poissonian photon statistics of light in interaction of a single mode radiation, initially either in a coherent state or in a superposed coherent state with an assembly of two-level atoms using the Hamiltonian, H = ω(a+a + Sz) + g(aS+ + a+ S–) in natural units, where a+ and a are creation and annihilation operators, Sz, S ± are the collective Dicke operators, g is the coupling constant, and ω is the energy of the photons and also the separation between the two atomic levels. We study the cases of (i) a single two-level and (ii) of two two-level atoms interacting with a single mode coherent or superposed coherent radiation. We find that for large coupling time gt, Fano factor shows collapses and revival phenomena, and that the variation is large for small mean number of photons. We also find that in the case of two two-level atoms, photon statistics shows larger sub-Poissonian than the case of a single two-level atom, and that there is no definite relationship between squeezing and sub-Poissonian photon statistics of light.