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Physical Review A

Enhancement of the vacuum Rabi oscillation via surface plasma modes in single-negative metamaterials

Xiaodong Zeng, Gao‐xiang Li, Yaping Yang, Shi‐Yao Zhu

Published Sep 13, 2012• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spontaneous emission properties of a two-level emitter embedded in a negative permeability slab near the interface between a negative permeability slab and a negative permittivity slab are investigated. When the impedances of the two slabs are matched and the dissipation of the material is small, the structure forms a very good single-mode cavity for surface plasmons. The extremely high local density of states of surface plasmons results in ultrastrong coupling between the atom and the surface plasmons, and then large vacuum Rabi frequency. A damped vacuum Rabi oscillation occurs in the dynamic evolution of the excited atom close to the interface. The atomic emission spectrum displays an asymmetric two-peak structure with the peak separation equal to the vacuum Rabi frequency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.033819

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The spontaneous emission properties of a two-level emitter embedded in a negative permeability slab near the interface between a negative permeability slab and a negative permittivity slab are investigated. When the impedances of the two slabs are matched and the dissipation of the material is small, the structure forms a very good single-mode cavity for surface plasmons. The extremely high local density of states of surface plasmons results in ultrastrong coupling between the atom and the surface plasmons, and then large vacuum Rabi frequency. A damped vacuum Rabi oscillation occurs in the dynamic evolution of the excited atom close to the interface. The atomic emission spectrum displays an asymmetric two-peak structure with the peak separation equal to the vacuum Rabi frequency.
We study the dynamics of two two-level atoms embedded near to the interface of paired meta-material slabs, one of negative permeability and the other of negative permittivity. This combination generates a strong surface plasmon field at the interface between the meta-materials. It is found that the symmetric and antisymmetric modes of the two-atom system couple to the plasmonic field with different Rabi frequencies. Including the Ohmic losses of the materials we find that the Rabi frequencies exhibit threshold behaviour which distinguish between the non-Markovian (memory preserving) and Markovian (memoryless) regimes of the evolution. Moreover, it is found that significantly different dynamics occur for the resonant and an off-resonant couplings of the plasmon field to the atoms. In the case of the resonant coupling, the field does not appear as a dissipative reservoir to the atoms. We adopt the image method and show that the dynamics of the two atoms coupled to the plasmon field are analogous to the dynamics of a four-atom system in a rectangular configuration. A large and long living entanglement mediated by the plasmonic field in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes of the evolution is predicted. We also show that a simultaneous Markovian and non-Markovian regime of the evolution may occur in which the memory effects exist over a finite evolution time. In the case of an off-resonant coupling of the atoms to the plasmon field, the atoms interact with each other by exchanging virtual photons which results in the dynamics corresponding to those of two atoms coupled to a common reservoir. In addition, the entanglement is significantly enhanced.
This paper discusses the spontaneous emission field of a two-level atom near a μ-negative metamaterial(MNG) slab, in which the surface modes are excited. the μ-negative metamaterial is a kind of artificial-microstructured materials possessing effective negative permeability and positive permittivity. According to Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions, the MNG slab supports only TE-polarized surface modes.We analyze the properties of the surface mode, i.e.the number of the surface mode and its symmetry or antisymmetry profiles, supported by the MNG slab with different permeability and thickness, and then study the influence of these characteristics on the spatial distribution of the spontaneous emission field in detail. Results show that the distance between the atom and the slab can affect the ratio of surface mode to the total atomic emission field. When the surface mode plays the dominate role, the spontaneous emission field of the atom on the nearest surface of MNG slab are directionally propagating along y-axis if the atomic dipole is along x-axis due to the TE-polarized surface mode. The atomic emission field on the other surface depends on the symmetry of the surface modes and their percentage. If the symmetric and antisymmetric surface modes coexist, the field intensity on the right surface is weakened or even disappears completely, but if there exists only symmetric or antisymmetric surface mode, the field intensity on the right surface is nearly identical with that on the left surface. These phenomena are significantly different from the case of atoms near a metal slab or a dielectric slab. Our results are useful for the controllable atomic emission and have potential application to the single-photon source.
The dynamics of two two-level atoms embedded near to the interface of paired metamaterial slabs, one of negative permeability and the other of negative permittivity are studied. The interface behaves as a plasmonic waveguide composed of surface-plasmon polariton modes. It is found that significantly different dynamics occur for the resonant and an off-resonant couplings of the plasma field to the atoms. In the case of the resonant coupling, the plasma field does not appear as a dissipative reservoir to the atoms. We adopt the image method and show that the dynamics of the two atoms are completely equivalent to those of a four-atom system. Moreover, two threshold coupling strengths exist, one corresponding to the strength of coupling of the plasma field to the symmetric and the other to the antisymmetric modes of the system. The thresholds distinguish between the non-Markovian and Markovian regimes of the evolutions. The solutions predict a large and long living entanglement mediated by the plasma field in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes of the evolution. We also show that a simultaneous Markovian and non-Markovian regimes of the evolution may occur in which the memory effects exist over a finite evolution time. Keywords: met
The spontaneous decay and quantum interference of a V\mathsf{V}V-type Zeeman atom placed near a $\ensuremath{\mu}$-negative metamaterial (MNG) slab are investigated. Based on the fact that MNG slab supports only TE-polarized surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, the decay rate of the dipole component parallel to the interface would be much larger than that normal to the interface, because one can couple while another decouple to TE modes. Consequently, high-level anisotropic environment is created and the two dipoles can interfere with each other strongly by sharing such SPP modes even if they are orthogonal. In our work, we analyze the influence of the parameters of the MNG slab as well as the atomic location on the interference intensity in detail. In addition, the dissipation of the slab is considered, and the quantum interference is still excellent even with large absorption.
For the cavity-based electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT), as the coherent driving field is enhanced by the optical cavity, the weak probe field can propagate through the atomic ensemble without absorption even if the driving field is weak. The extreme case of vacuum in the cavity is called "vacuum-induced transparency" (VIT) to distinguish it from the cavity EIT. Here we construct a new kind of cavity made of Metamaterials, i.e. ε-negative (EN) and μ-negative (MN) slabs, and study the VIT phenomena of the atomic ensemble doped within it. When the impedances of the MN and EN slabs are matched to each other and the dissipation of the material is small, it behaves as a surface plasmon cavity with a huge Q factor. And the VIT phenomenon in this cavity appears. By adjusting the position of atoms, the coupling strength between the atom and the structure could be changed. Two kinds of extremes of VIT, the coherent population trapping (CPT) and the Autler-Townes splitting (ATS), can be achieved in this system easily. Our proposal could be used in the realization of ultra-strong coupling and integrated devices on quantum memory or optical switch.
The spectrum of spontaneously emitted photons from an atom interacting with a single cavity mode depends on the relative sizes of the mode coupling constant and the cavity loss rate. If the coupling constant is not too large, perturbation theory can he used to show that the atomic linewidth is either increased (enhanced spontaneous emission) or decreased (inhibited spontaneous emission) by the presence of the cavity. When the coupling constant is so large that perturbation theory cannot be used, the spontaneous- emission spectrum forms a doublet, with peaks located at the normal-mode frequencies for the coupled-dipole and cavity-mode oscillators (the so-called "vacuum" Rabi splitting).