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Physical Review A

Spontaneous emission interference enhancement with a μ -negative metamaterial slab

Xiaodong Zeng, Jingping Xu, Yaping Yang

Published Sep 19, 2011• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spontaneous decay and quantum interference of a $\mathsf{V}$-type Zeeman atom placed near a $\ensuremath{\mu}$-negative metamaterial (MNG) slab are investigated. Based on the fact that MNG slab supports only TE-polarized surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, the decay rate of the dipole component parallel to the interface would be much larger than that normal to the interface, because one can couple while another decouple to TE modes. Consequently, high-level anisotropic environment is created and the two dipoles can interfere with each other strongly by sharing such SPP modes even if they are orthogonal. In our work, we analyze the influence of the parameters of the MNG slab as well as the atomic location on the interference intensity in detail. In addition, the dissipation of the slab is considered, and the quantum interference is still excellent even with large absorption.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.033834

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The spontaneous decay and quantum interference of a V\mathsf{V}V-type Zeeman atom placed near a \ensuremathμ\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremathμ-negative metamaterial (MNG) slab are investigated. Based on the fact that MNG slab supports only TE-polarized surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, the decay rate of the dipole component parallel to the interface would be much larger than that normal to the interface, because one can couple while another decouple to TE modes. Consequently, high-level anisotropic environment is created and the two dipoles can interfere with each other strongly by sharing such SPP modes even if they are orthogonal. In our work, we analyze the influence of the parameters of the MNG slab as well as the atomic location on the interference intensity in detail. In addition, the dissipation of the slab is considered, and the quantum interference is still excellent even with large absorption.
This paper discusses the spontaneous emission field of a two-level atom near a μ-negative metamaterial(MNG) slab, in which the surface modes are excited. the μ-negative metamaterial is a kind of artificial-microstructured materials possessing effective negative permeability and positive permittivity. According to Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions, the MNG slab supports only TE-polarized surface modes.We analyze the properties of the surface mode, i.e.the number of the surface mode and its symmetry or antisymmetry profiles, supported by the MNG slab with different permeability and thickness, and then study the influence of these characteristics on the spatial distribution of the spontaneous emission field in detail. Results show that the distance between the atom and the slab can affect the ratio of surface mode to the total atomic emission field. When the surface mode plays the dominate role, the spontaneous emission field of the atom on the nearest surface of MNG slab are directionally propagating along y-axis if the atomic dipole is along x-axis due to the TE-polarized surface mode. The atomic emission field on the other surface depends on the symmetry of the surface modes and their percentage. If the symmetric and antisymmetric surface modes coexist, the field intensity on the right surface is weakened or even disappears completely, but if there exists only symmetric or antisymmetric surface mode, the field intensity on the right surface is nearly identical with that on the left surface. These phenomena are significantly different from the case of atoms near a metal slab or a dielectric slab. Our results are useful for the controllable atomic emission and have potential application to the single-photon source.
Spontaneous decay of a two-level atom near the left-handed material (LHM) slab is investigated. The contributions of the guided modes and the surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) modes supported by the LHM slab to the spontaneous decay are studied at length. We find that the atomic decay near a LHM slab is much different from that near a dielectric slab or metal slab. The first---the dielectric slab with arbitrary thickness---supports at least two guided modes (one for TE polarized and one for TM polarized), but LHM slab may support none of the guided mode for certain thickness. The second---the atom near the LHM slab---may decay through both TE- and TM-polarized SPP, but the atom near the metal slab can decay only through TM-polarized SPP. The third, when the LHM slab supports only TE-polarized SPP modes, the atom near such slab cannot couple to the SPP mode when its dipole moment is perpendicular to the interface. Even if LHM contains weak loss, above analysis is also valid, and the decay rate directly related to material's losses (defined by the decay through dissipation here) can be distinguished from the total decay rate. Most interesting, we find that the decay through SPP will be larger than the decay through dissipation when the atom is placed at an appropriate position. Our results will give constructive reference to the design and fabrication of the quantum device made of LHM.
We show that the quantum interference between two spontaneous emission channels can be greatly enhanced when a three-level V-type atom is placed near plasmonic nanostructures such as metallic slabs, nanospheres, or periodic arrays of metal-coated spheres. The spontaneous emission rate is calculated by a rigorous first-principles electromagnetic Green's tensor technique. The enhancement of quantum interference is attributed to the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of an atomic dipole relative to the surface of the nanostructure at the excitation frequencies of surface plasmons.
Quantum interference between Zeeman levels of atom placed in the structure containing left-handed materials (LHMs) and zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs) is investigated. Because of the existence of the LHM and ZIM, dipole radiation becomes highly anisotropic which is embodied by the high contrast between decay rates of the dipole component parallel to the surface and that normal to the surface. Furthermore, both decay rates are suppressed compared with those in free vacuum. Therefore, we propose the quantum interference between Zeeman levels accompanied by long lifetime. Two structures are designed to achieve such purpose. For the idealized LHM and ZIM without dissipation, a double-layer structure comprised of them is the right candidate. However, when we consider the dissipation of materials, a Fabry-P\'erot cavity made of matched ZIM slabs and LHM slabs is required. Results show that we get a high degree of quantum interference and low decay rates simultaneously.
The spontaneous emission properties of a two-level emitter embedded in a negative permeability slab near the interface between a negative permeability slab and a negative permittivity slab are investigated. When the impedances of the two slabs are matched and the dissipation of the material is small, the structure forms a very good single-mode cavity for surface plasmons. The extremely high local density of states of surface plasmons results in ultrastrong coupling between the atom and the surface plasmons, and then large vacuum Rabi frequency. A damped vacuum Rabi oscillation occurs in the dynamic evolution of the excited atom close to the interface. The atomic emission spectrum displays an asymmetric two-peak structure with the peak separation equal to the vacuum Rabi frequency.
The spontaneous decay of a VVV-type three-level atom placed in a negative-refractive-index waveguide is analyzed. We find that in thin waveguides, highly efficient surface-guided modes are supported, which do not occur in positive-index waveguides. In addition, at low absorption, the mode density and thus spontaneous emission into particular regular-guided modes is enhanced by several orders of magnitude as compared to regular dielectric waveguides. The asymmetries between emission into the different modes and the enhancement of particular guided modes allow us to induce strong spontaneous emission interference between transitions with orthogonal transition dipole moments.