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Physical Review B

Observation of bound and antibound states of cavity polariton pairs in a CuCl microcavity

Shimpei Matsuura, Yasuyoshi Mitsumori, Hideo Kosaka, Keiichi Edamatsu, Kenichi Miyazaki, D. Kim, Masaaki Nakayama, Goro Oohata, Hisaki Oka, Hiroshi Ajiki, Hajime Ishihara

Published Jan 31, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We observed the antibound state, as well as the bound state, for cavity polariton pairs in a planar CuCl microcavity by spectrally resolved four-wave mixing. We obtained dispersion curves of the bound and antibound states by changing the incident angle of the pump pulses corresponding to the cavity detuning. The dispersion curve for the bound state suggests that the bound state is mainly composed of a bare biexciton and is weakly coupled to the cavity photons. The dephasing time of the bound state was faster than that of a bare biexciton in a thin sample, supporting the hypothesis that the bound state is coupled to the cavity photons. On the other hand, the antibound state consists of two lower polaritons having the same spin. The clear observation of the antibound state can be qualitatively explained by the phase-space filling, which reduces the Rabi splitting.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.89.035317

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We observed the antibound state, as well as the bound state, for cavity polariton pairs in a planar CuCl microcavity by spectrally resolved four-wave mixing. We obtained dispersion curves of the bound and antibound states by changing the incident angle of the pump pulses corresponding to the cavity detuning. The dispersion curve for the bound state suggests that the bound state is mainly composed of a bare biexciton and is weakly coupled to the cavity photons. The dephasing time of the bound state was faster than that of a bare biexciton in a thin sample, supporting the hypothesis that the bound state is coupled to the cavity photons. On the other hand, the antibound state consists of two lower polaritons having the same spin. The clear observation of the antibound state can be qualitatively explained by the phase-space filling, which reduces the Rabi splitting.
We studied the population and coherence dynamics of a biexciton in a planar CuCl microcavity. We developed a time-resolved two-photon polarization spectroscopy technique, by which we extracted the population dynamics of the biexciton even when the biexciton was spectrally overlapped with the lower cavity polariton. The observed lifetime of the cavity biexciton in the weak-coupling regime was much shorter than that of a bare CuCl thin film without a cavity, which directly demonstrates cavity enhancement of the radiative decay rate of the biexciton. The cavity enhancement originates from the hybridization of the unbound two-cavity-polariton state to the biexciton wave function by the biexciton-cavity coupling. By comparing the population and coherence decay curves of the biexciton, we found that the coherence of the cavity biexciton was limited by the radiative population decay.
Summary form only given. The experimental observation of biexcitons in microcavities has been addressed recently. A well-resolved polariton-biexciton transition was observed in a high-quality GaAs single quantum well (QW) /spl lambda/-microcavity of 25 nm well width using a pump-probe experiment (Borri et al, Phys. Rev. B vol. 62, p. R7765, 2000). In this microcavity, the heavy-hole (HH) vacuum Rabi splitting is 3.6 meV, more than three times larger than the biexciton binding energy in the bare QW (1.1 meV). Due to the narrow linewidth of the polariton resonances, a well-resolved pump-induced optical absorption associated with biexcitons was observed. In this work, we investigate the coherent properties of the biexciton in the same structure using a two-beam four-wave mixing (FWM) experiment at 10 K.
The experimental observation of biexcitons in microcavities has been addressed recently.1,2 A well-resolved polariton-biexciton transition was observed in a high-quality GaAs single quantum well (QW) λ-microcavity of 25 nm well width using a pump-probe experiment.2 In this microcavity the heavy-hole (HH) vacuum Rabi splitting is 3.6 meV, more than three times larger than the biexciton binding energy in the bare QW (1.1 meV). Due to the narrow linewidth of the polari- ton resonances, a well-resolved pump-induced optical absorption associated with biexcitons was observed.2 In this work we investigate the coherent properties of the biexciton in the same structure using a two-beam four-wave mixing (FWM) experiment at 10 K.
We theoretically investigate the four-wave mixing (FWM) of a biexciton in a microcavity in the framework of cavity bipolariton. Cavity bipolaritons are stably formed in the strong-coupling regime with an exciton-cavity coupling comparable to the biexciton binding energy. The FWM signal obtained from our bipolariton model, where the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states form a complete system, agrees well with the experimental data [Baars et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 165311 (2001)]. A strong FWM signal is obtained when a cavity bipolariton is formed by a superposition state of a biexciton and unbound two-cavity-polariton states. We also analyze the dynamics of the formation of biexciton and cavity polaritons by numerically solving the optical master equation in time domain. Efficient excitation of cavity bipolariton requires a specific pulse duration and/or pulse delay so that two-cavity polaritons are formed before the biexciton is excited.
We theoretically investigate the squeezing of light by the interaction between a biexciton and cavity polaritons. As a model system, we consider a CuCl-quantum-well microcavity in which a biexciton can stably exist. An effective biexciton-polariton coupled state can be formed by controlling the polariton level structure by modifying the quantum-well thickness. We analyze in detail the nonlinear optical response obtained from the coupled state, and evaluate the light squeezing by directly calculating the variance of quantum noise in the output field, in terms of the dependence of the squeezing on the incident light intensity. We clarify an optimal condition yielding maximum squeezing and show that squeezing is enhanced by utilizing biexciton nonlinearity, compared with the squeezing achieved in a system having no biexciton.