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Physical Review A

Radiative lifetime of the metastable 1S0 state of Xe2+

K. G. Bhushan, Henrik B. Pedersen, N. Altstein, O. Heber, Michael Rappaport, D. Zajfman

Published Jun 8, 2000• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The radiative lifetime of the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ metastable state of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{2+}$ has been measured with a different type of electrostatic ion trap. The ion trap stores ion beams of a few keV using purely electrostatic fields and provides a large field-free region where the stored ions oscillate. A photomultiplier working in the single-photon counting mode was used to observe the 380 nm photons arising from the magnetic dipole $(M1)$ transition ${}^{1}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{S}_{0}}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{2+}.$ The present measurement yields a value of $4.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08 \mathrm{ms},$ which is in good agreement with previous measurements, but is almost four times more accurate.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.62.012504

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The radiative lifetime of the 1S0{}^{1}{S}_{0}1S0​ metastable state of Xe2+{\mathrm{Xe}}^{2+}Xe2+ has been measured with a different type of electrostatic ion trap. The ion trap stores ion beams of a few keV using purely electrostatic fields and provides a large field-free region where the stored ions oscillate. A photomultiplier working in the single-photon counting mode was used to observe the 380 nm photons arising from the magnetic dipole (M1)(M1)(M1) transition 1S0\ensuremath→3P1{}^{1}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{S}_{0}}}^{3}{P}_{1}1S0​\ensuremath→​3P1​ of Xe2+.{\mathrm{Xe}}^{2+}.Xe2+. The present measurement yields a value of 4.46\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.08ms,4.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08 \mathrm{ms},4.46\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.08ms, which is in good agreement with previous measurements, but is almost four times more accurate.
The lifetimes of the metastable 1s2s2p4P5/21s2s2p{ }^{4}{P}_{5/2}1s2s2p4P5/2​ level of ${\mathrm{He}}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ as well as the lifetime of the average of the 4P3/2{}^{4}{P}_{3/2}4P3/2​ and 4P1/2{}^{4}{P}_{1/2}4P1/2​ levels, have been measured using a new type of ion trap that stores keV ion beams using electrostatic fields only. The use of a pure electrostatic field avoids the complication of magnetic-field-induced mixing effects, which can interfere with the measurement of the spontaneous decay. The measured lifetime for the 4P5/2{}^{4}{P}_{5/2}4P5/2​ state, after correction for decay induced by blackbody radiation, is $343\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}.$ This value is consistent with previous experiments, and in excellent agreement with the most recent theoretical calculations. The average lifetime of the 4P3/2{}^{4}{P}_{3/2}4P3/2​ and 4P1/2{}^{4}{P}_{1/2}4P1/2​ is $8.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s},$ which is about 20% lower than the weighted theoretical value.
The radiative lifetime of Li II 21S02^{1}S_{0}21S0​ has been measured by counting decay photons versus time from an ensemble of metastable Li ions stored in a simple electromagnetic trap of the Penning variety. The result is ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{expt}}=503(26)$ \ensuremath{\mu}sec. The error represents one standard deviation from the mean of a series of 34 separate determinations. This result is in agreement with the theoretical value ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{th}}=513$ \ensuremath{\mu}sec.
The radiative lifetime of 1s2s3S11s2s^{3}S_{1}1s2s3S1​ Li+{\mathrm{Li}}^{+}Li+ ions has been measured by a comparison of the count rate of spontaneous decay photons (210 \AA{}) to a laser-induced fluorescence signal proportional to the total number of metastable ions. The ions were confined in a rf-quadrupole trap, and the fluorescence signal used was the intercombination transition 1s2p3P11s2p^{3}P_{1}1s2p3P1​ to $1{s}^{2}^{1}S_{0}$ at 202 \AA{}. The 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state was populated from 3S1^{3}S_{1}3S1​ by absorption of laser photons at 5485 \AA{}. The result is ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{r}=58.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12.9$ sec (95% confidence level); theory predicts ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{r}=49.1$ sec.
The natural radiative lifetimes of the 5${\mathit{d}}^{9}666{\mathit{s}}^{2}$ (2{(}^{2}(2D5/2{\mathit{D}}_{5/2}D5/2​ and 2^{2}2D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​) metastable states of Hg+{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}Hg+ as well as of the 5${\mathit{d}}^{9}6s6s6s{(}^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{2}$) metastable state of ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{2+}$ have been measured by counting for equal time intervals either the 282-, 198-, or 217-nm photons emitted when the respective metastable ions decay to the ground state. The metastable Hg ions are produced inside a cylindrical electrostatic ion trap by electron bombardment of background Hg vapor maintained at pressures ranging from 4 to 50\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$ Torr. The trap consists of a 5.0-cm-diam, 7.5-cm-long cylinder with end caps plus a concentric 0.003-cm-diam central cylinder maintained at a negative potential of 140 V. Following electron impact of the Hg vapor, some of the photons emitted by the decaying metastable ion population are focused onto a narrow-bandwidth interference filter. The photons transmitted by the filter are detected by a photomultiplier tube as a function of time and generate a decay curve. However, the signal detected with the interference filter used to monitor the $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2}$ metastable-state population consists of two exponentially decaying components, indicating the presence of another metastable state decaying through the emission of a photon within the bandpass of the filter. The second component is assumed to arise from a cascade originating with the 5${\mathit{d}}^{9}$6s6p (J=9/2) metastable state of Hg+{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}Hg+. Therefore, as dictated by the composition of the photon decay curve, the pressure-dependent decay rates of the metastable states are obtained from a least-squares fit of either a single- or double-component exponential decay to the natural logarithm of the decay curve.Mean decay rates extrapolated to zero pressure of the background Hg vapor using a straight-line least-squares fit, and the inverse of the zero-pressure intercept yields the natural radiative lifetime of the relevant metastable state. Our results for the lifetimes of the 2^{2}2D5/2{\mathit{D}}_{5/2}D5/2​, 2^{2}2D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​, and J=9/2 metastable states of Hg+{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}Hg+ are 87\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4, 8.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4, and 60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6 msec, respectively, while the lifetime of the Hg2+{\mathrm{Hg}}^{2+}Hg2+ (3{(}^{3}(3D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​) metastable state is 34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 msec.