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Chinese Physics Letters

Trapping of Neutral 87 Rb Atoms on an Atomchip

Xiaolin Li, Ke Min, Jiuyao Tang, Shuyu Zhou, Zhou Shan-Yu, Yuzhu Wang

Published Sep 22, 2005• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an experiment of trapping of neutral 87 Rb atoms on a self-made atomchip. The H-shaped atomchip is made by magnetron sputtering technology, which is different from the atomchip technology of other teams. We collect 3×10 6 87 Rb atoms in the mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the external MOT coils, and 1×10 5 87 Rb atoms are transferred to U-MOT using U-shaped wire in chip and a pair of bias coils.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/22/10/019

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We report an experiment of trapping of neutral 87 Rb atoms on a self-made atomchip. The H-shaped atomchip is made by magnetron sputtering technology, which is different from the atomchip technology of other teams. We collect 3×10 6 87 Rb atoms in the mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the external MOT coils, and 1×10 5 87 Rb atoms are transferred to U-MOT using U-shaped wire in chip and a pair of bias coils.
We experimentally demonstrate the trapping of 85 Rb atoms directly on a chip-size U-shaped magneto-optical trap (U-MOT). The trap includes a U-shaped wire on the chip, two bias magnetic field coils and laser beams. The capture volume of the U-MOT is theoretically calculated, and the trap is experimentally realized. With 2 A current applied to the U-shaped wire and 2-Gauss horizontal bias field, more than 2 × 10 6 atoms are trapped. In contrast with an ordinary mirror-MOT, this U-MOT captures atoms directly from the background, thus the trap size is greatly reduced. Based on this mini trap scheme, it is possible to realize a chip-size atom trap array for quantum information processing.
A mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT) that exploits a hexapole-compensated magnetic field was developed and used in the experimental surface trapping of neutral atoms. A pair of subsidiary wires, which was placed near the main current-carrying wire, was designed to improve the uniformity of the quadrupole magnetic field and thus increased the effective capture volume of our mirror-MOT. In the experiment, the number of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms captured with our mirror-MOT was approximately twice that captured with a conventional mirror-MOT.
In this paper, we have developed a combined magnetic field system to explore an alternative technical route for the generation of Bose–Einstein condensates containing numerous atoms on an atom chip. The system is characterized by the fact that the quadrupole magnetic field required by the magneto-optic trap is generated by U-shaped current-carrying wires combined with bias magnetic fields, whereas the quadrupole magnetic field adopted for the magnetic trap is generated by anti-Helmholtz coils. By fine-tuning the bias magnetic fields, the collection of atoms in the mirror MOT and the loading of the quadrupole magnetic trap can be optimized. The initial number of [Formula: see text]Rb atoms in the magnetic trap is approximately [Formula: see text], and the lifetime of the atoms is over 30 s. This scheme can facilitate the chip-surface design and is suitable for the precise manipulation of Bose–Einstein condensates near the chip surface.
The role of U-wire generated quadrupole-like magnetic field profile on loading of cold 87Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) on atom-chip has been investigated. It is shown by simulations that the quadrupole field profile and the centre of the quadrupole field vary depending upon the U-wire current and bias field values. Moreover, the resemblance of generated field profile to the ideal quadrupole field critically depends on the values of current in U-wire and bias magnetic field. The observed number of trapped atoms in the MOT and its position has also been found to depend on the quadrupole field profile. The number of trapped atoms in the MOT reaches maximum when the field profile approaches close to an ideal quadrupole field. These studies are, in general, useful in optimizing the number in the MOT before transfer of these cold atoms to the microtraps of an atom-chip.
We describe a dynamic magneto-optical trap (MOT) suitable for the use with vacuum systems in which optical access is limited to a single window. This technique facilitates the long-standing desire of producing integrated atom chips, many of which are likely to have severely restricted optical access compared with conventional vacuum chambers. This 'switching-MOT' relies on the synchronized pulsing of optical and magnetic fields at audio frequencies. The trap's beam geometry is obtained using a planar mirror surface, and does not require a patterned substrate or bulky optics inside the vacuum chamber. Central to the design is a novel magnetic field geometry that requires no external quadrupole or bias coils which leads toward a very compact system. We have implemented the trap for 85 Rb and shown that it is capable of capturing 2 million atoms and directly cooling below the Doppler temperature.