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Physical Review A

Mirror magneto-optical trap exploiting hexapole-compensated magnetic field

Masaharu Hyodo, Kazuyuki Nakayama, Masayoshi Watanabe, R. Ohmukai

Published Jul 26, 2007• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT) that exploits a hexapole-compensated magnetic field was developed and used in the experimental surface trapping of neutral atoms. A pair of subsidiary wires, which was placed near the main current-carrying wire, was designed to improve the uniformity of the quadrupole magnetic field and thus increased the effective capture volume of our mirror-MOT. In the experiment, the number of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms captured with our mirror-MOT was approximately twice that captured with a conventional mirror-MOT.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.013419

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Journal of the Optical Society of Korea•Jun 25, 2009•9 citations
A mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT) that exploits a hexapole-compensated magnetic field was developed and used in the experimental surface trapping of neutral atoms. A pair of subsidiary wires, which was placed near the main current-carrying wire, was designed to improve the uniformity of the quadrupole magnetic field and thus increased the effective capture volume of our mirror-MOT. In the experiment, the number of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms captured with our mirror-MOT was approximately twice that captured with a conventional mirror-MOT.
We propose a novel controllable double-well magneto-optical trap (MOT) by using a square current-carrying wire and a bias magnetic field. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields and their gradients are calculated, and the results show that the proposed trap has double magnetic wells with two centres of zero magnetic field and can be continuously evolved as a single-well trap by reducing the current in the wire or increasing the bias field, which can be used to realize a controllable double-well MOT, even to prepare one- and two-dimensional arrays of magneto-optical lattices on the surface of an atom chip. We also estimate the number (~107) and temperature (~260 μK) of trapped cold atoms in our MOT.
We present an integrated wire-based magneto-optical trap for the simplified trapping and cooling of large numbers of neutral atoms near material surfaces. With a modified U\mathrm{U}U-shaped current-carrying Cu\text{Cu}Cu structure we collect more than $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms in a mirror magneto-optical trap without using quadrupole coils. These atoms are subsequently loaded to a Z\mathrm{Z}Z-wire trap where they are evaporatively cooled to a Bose-Einstein condensate close to the surface.
We propose two novel double-well magnetic surface traps (i.e., a double-well U-U-shaped wire trap and a double-well U-Z-shaped wire trap) for cold atoms using a straight and U-shaped current-carrying wire or two U-shaped current-carrying wires. These double-well magnetic traps can be continuously changed into a single-well by reducing the current in a straight wire or an inner U-shaped wire from a suitable value to zero, and vice versa. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields from two current-carrying wire layouts and their field gradients are calculated and analyzed, and the trapped atomic number and its temperature in each magnetic well are estimated. Our study shows that our double-well magnetic surface traps can be used to realize two-species magneto-optical traps (MOTs) above the surface of the wire plane. Under the approximation of low intensity, cold atomic samples with a captured number of ∼10^6 atoms and a temperature of approximately 270 µK can be obtained in each ^85Rb atomic MOT. Since each MOT in two-species MOTs can be prepared independently, our controllable double-well trap can be used to study the cold collisions between two different atomic samples.
Magneto-optical traps on atom chips are usually restricted to small atomic samples due to a limited capture volume caused primarily by distorted field configurations. Here we present a magneto-optical trap based on a millimeter-sized wire structure which generates a magnetic field with minimized distortions. Together with the loading from a high-flux two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, we achieve a loading rate of $8.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ atoms/s and maximum number of $8.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ captured atoms. The wire structure is placed outside of the vacuum to enable a further adaptation to new scientific objectives. Since all magnetic fields are applied locally without the need for external bias fields, the presented setup will facilitate parallel generation of Bose-Einstein condensates on a conveyor belt with a cycle rate above 111 Hz.
A Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) for 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atoms near the surface of a dielectric coated mirror at the top of a small 20×25×40  mm320{\times}25{\times}40\;mm^320×25×40mm3 cell has been observed. Two beams of 3.3  mW/cm23.3\;mW/cm^23.3mW/cm2 were used for optical cooling and an anti-Helmholtz magnetic field with a spatial gradient of 9.1 G/cm was used for magnetic trapping. The thickness of the mirror coated on a cover glass was less than 100μm100{\mu}m100μm . The mirror covered the top of a cell and the atom-chip was located outside the vacuum in order to exploit the long life time of the mirror and easy operation of the chip. The trapping position was found 5 mm beneath the mirror surface. The number of trapped atoms was roughly 3×1073{\times}10^73×107 atoms and the temperature was approximately a few tens mK. In this paper, we describe the construction of the mirror-MOT in detail.