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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Characterization of Magnetic-Hexapole-Compensated Mirror Magneto-Optical Trap

Masayuki Hyodo, K. Nakayama, Makoto Watanabe, R. Ohmukai

Published Aug 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT), which exploits a hexapole-compensated magnetic field, was developed and characterized in terms of magnetic-field gradient and laser detuning. The number of atoms captured with our MOT increased significantly from that obtained with conventional one in a certain range of characteristic distances.
DOI
10.1109/cleopr.2007.4391769

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A mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT) that exploits a hexapole-compensated magnetic field was developed and used in the experimental surface trapping of neutral atoms. A pair of subsidiary wires, which was placed near the main current-carrying wire, was designed to improve the uniformity of the quadrupole magnetic field and thus increased the effective capture volume of our mirror-MOT. In the experiment, the number of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms captured with our mirror-MOT was approximately twice that captured with a conventional mirror-MOT.
A Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) for 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atoms near the surface of a dielectric coated mirror at the top of a small 20×25×40  mm320{\times}25{\times}40\;mm^320×25×40mm3 cell has been observed. Two beams of 3.3  mW/cm23.3\;mW/cm^23.3mW/cm2 were used for optical cooling and an anti-Helmholtz magnetic field with a spatial gradient of 9.1 G/cm was used for magnetic trapping. The thickness of the mirror coated on a cover glass was less than 100μm100{\mu}m100μm . The mirror covered the top of a cell and the atom-chip was located outside the vacuum in order to exploit the long life time of the mirror and easy operation of the chip. The trapping position was found 5 mm beneath the mirror surface. The number of trapped atoms was roughly 3×1073{\times}10^73×107 atoms and the temperature was approximately a few tens mK. In this paper, we describe the construction of the mirror-MOT in detail.
A quantitative study on characteristics of a magneto-optical trap with a single or a few atoms is presented. A very small number of 85 Rb atoms were trapped in a micron-size magneto-optical trap with a high magnetic-field gradient. In order to find the optimum condition for a single-atom trap, we have investigated how the number of atoms and the size of atomic cloud change as various experimental parameters, such as a magnetic-field gradient and the trapping laser intensity and detuning. The averaged number of atoms was measured very accurately with a calibration procedure based on the single-atom saturation curve of resonance fluorescence. In addition, the number of atoms in a trap could be controlled by suppressing stochastic loading events by means of a real-time active feedback on the magnetic-field gradient.
Magneto-optical traps on atom chips are usually restricted to small atomic samples due to a limited capture volume caused primarily by distorted field configurations. Here we present a magneto-optical trap based on a millimeter-sized wire structure which generates a magnetic field with minimized distortions. Together with the loading from a high-flux two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, we achieve a loading rate of $8.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ atoms/s and maximum number of $8.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ captured atoms. The wire structure is placed outside of the vacuum to enable a further adaptation to new scientific objectives. Since all magnetic fields are applied locally without the need for external bias fields, the presented setup will facilitate parallel generation of Bose-Einstein condensates on a conveyor belt with a cycle rate above 111 Hz.
The results of characterization of cold cloud of cesium (Cs) atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) have been presented. The MOT is a part of the Physics package of the Cs Fountain Clock being developed at National Physical Laboratory (NPL), India. The number of atoms, size and temperature of the cloud have been measured and calculated. It is also been investigated how the number of trapped atoms changes with the trapping laser’s beam intensity, detuning and magnetic-field gradient of the trap.
It has been more than 30 years since the first demonstration of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using sodium atoms. Since then the MOT has revolutionised the field of atomic physics by facilitating the emergence of a broad range of productive avenues of research using atoms prepared at low temperatures and high densities. This thesis describes the development of a novel kind of magneto-optical trap: the blue-detuned MOT. Unlike in all previous MOTs the light is blue detuned from atomic resonances and drives "type-II" transitions that have dark ground-state sub-levels. A discussion of the position-dependent and velocity-dependent forces experienced by an atom or molecule in a MOT is first used to consolidate recent theoretical work and, in particular, to introduce the concept of a blue-detuned MOT. The design and construction of an experiment that has been built to demonstrate a blue-detuned MOT using \Rb{87} is described. A thorough characterisation of this novel MOT has been performed. At high magnetic field gradients, radiation-pressure-limited densities exceeding 101110^{11}1011~cm−3^{-3}−3 have been reached whilst temperatures are cooled below 30~\si{\micro K} by the efficient and robust sub-Doppler cooling mechanisms. The maximum phase-space density measured is 6×10−66\times10^{-6}6×10−6, which is higher than in most normal atomic MOTs, comparable to the best dark SPOTs, and a million times higher than that reported for red-detuned type-II MOTs. This makes the blue-detuned MOT particularly attractive for molecules where laser cooling and trapping always uses type-II transitions. For the first time, a study of trap loss due to ultra-cold collisions between atoms occurring in the presence of near-resonant blue-detuned light is undertaken. Finally, the experiment is used to demonstrate many new and unreported configurations of MOT for \Rb{87}, showing that a comprehensive understanding of complicated MOTs is now possible, and presenting a clear direction for further research.