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Chinese Physics Letters

Controllable Double-Well Magneto-Optical Trap for Neutral Atoms

Yun Min, Yin Jian-Ping

Published Jul 30, 2004• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel controllable double-well magneto-optical trap (MOT) by using a square current-carrying wire and a bias magnetic field. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields and their gradients are calculated, and the results show that the proposed trap has double magnetic wells with two centres of zero magnetic field and can be continuously evolved as a single-well trap by reducing the current in the wire or increasing the bias field, which can be used to realize a controllable double-well MOT, even to prepare one- and two-dimensional arrays of magneto-optical lattices on the surface of an atom chip. We also estimate the number (~107) and temperature (~260 μK) of trapped cold atoms in our MOT.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/21/8/025

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We propose a controllable double-well magneto-optic trap (MOT) for neutral atoms that uses a circular current-carrying wire and a biased magnetic field. One can cause the proposed double-well trap to evolve continually into a single-well trap by reducing the current in the wire or increasing the bias field. We estimate that in a weak intensity approximation a cold atomic sample with a temperature of approximately 300 K and a number of approximately 10(6) atoms can be stored in each MOT. One can control the number of trapped atoms by changing the current in the wire.
We propose two novel double-well magnetic surface traps (i.e., a double-well U-U-shaped wire trap and a double-well U-Z-shaped wire trap) for cold atoms using a straight and U-shaped current-carrying wire or two U-shaped current-carrying wires. These double-well magnetic traps can be continuously changed into a single-well by reducing the current in a straight wire or an inner U-shaped wire from a suitable value to zero, and vice versa. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields from two current-carrying wire layouts and their field gradients are calculated and analyzed, and the trapped atomic number and its temperature in each magnetic well are estimated. Our study shows that our double-well magnetic surface traps can be used to realize two-species magneto-optical traps (MOTs) above the surface of the wire plane. Under the approximation of low intensity, cold atomic samples with a captured number of ∼10^6 atoms and a temperature of approximately 270 µK can be obtained in each ^85Rb atomic MOT. Since each MOT in two-species MOTs can be prepared independently, our controllable double-well trap can be used to study the cold collisions between two different atomic samples.
We propose two double-well magnetic traps for cold neutral atoms that use current-carrying wires. These traps can be used to trap two different atomic species. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields, gradients, and curvatures from these two wire configurations were calculated and analyzed. Our study shows that the double-well traps proposed here can be continuously changed into single-well traps by reduction of the current in a wire (or a coil) and vice versa and that a maximum field gradient greater than 5×104 G/cm and a maximum field curvature (at each trap center) greater than 2.5×107 G/cm2 can be generated in our double-well traps and used to achieve two-species Bose–Einstein condensations and study the properties of double-well Bose–Einstein condensations or to achieve sympathetic cooling between two atomic samples or even to achieve two-species magneto-optical traps and study cold collisions between two atomic samples.
We propose a novel array of controllable double-well magnetic microtraps for cold atoms by using an array of square current-carrying wires and two additional bias magnetic fields. Arrays of double layer magnetooptical traps (MOTs) and Ioffe traps can be constructed by using same wire configurations and different currents and bias fields. Furthermore, the array of double-well magnetic microtraps can be continuously evolved as an array of single-well magnetic microtraps by reducing the currents in the wires. Our study shows that our scheme can be used to realize a controllable double-layer magnetic lattice with cold atoms, to form array of Bose-Einstein condensations (BECs), or to study atom interference, and so on.
We experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme to simultaneously confine two atomic species of (87)Rb and (133)Cs with adjustable spatial separation by a controllable double-well magneto-optic trap. Using a single-loop wire and a magnetic bias field, the two clouds, each containing more than 1 x 10(6) atoms, are spatially separated above and below the wire center of the double-well MOT. The cloud interdistance can be controlled by independently varying the wire current and external bias field. This allows to load the double-well magnetic trap, and to study the dynamics of cold collisions between two-species atoms.
An array of square current-carrying wires is proposed to construct a two-dimensional (2D) array of surface magneto-optical traps and Ioffe magnetic ones for realizing a 2D lattice of Bose-Einstein condensations (BECs) on an atom chip. Our study shows that when a vertical homogeneous bias magnetic field is only used, the wires will form a 2D array of quadrupole magnetic traps, which can be used to construct 2D lattice of surface magneto-optical micro-traps. While another horizontal homogeneous bias field is added simultaneously, the above 2D array of quadrupole micro-traps will be changed as an array of surface Ioffe micro-traps, which can be used to form a 2D magnetic lattice and then realize a 2D array of BECs. The dynamic loading process of cold (87)Rb atoms from each micro-MOT into Ioffe micro-trap is studied by using Monte-Carlo simulations, and our results show that the scheme can be used to realize a natural and effective loading of cold atoms from 2D array of micro-MOTs into 2D array of Ioffe micro-traps, and the loading efficiency can be reach ~ 65%. Moreover, the positions of each BEC (or MOT) in 2D array of magnetic micro-traps can be controlled by adjusting the currents in the wires or by changing the additional vertical bias field.