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Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications

Output Photon Number Distribution of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

G. Saplakoglu, M. CELIK

Published Jan 1, 1992• 2 citations

Abstract

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are gaining increasing importance in the lightwave communications arena due mainly to their low insertion loss and easy manufacturability. Consequently there is significant motivation in obtaining the photon number distribution at the output of an EDFA taking finite bandwith and line shape of the signal lasers into account. In this paper the photon number distribution at the output of an EDFA resulting from an input wave packet having an arbitrary photon number distribution is evaluated. Previously the output photon number distribution was derived [1] for input fields having Poisson photon number distributions, i.e. for coherent sate input fields. Our treatment is more general in the sense that the input field can be in an arbitrary quantum sate. This generality will enable researchers to evaluate EDFA photon number distributions resulting from non-monochromatic incident fields [for example laser sources with phase and/or intensity noise] simply by using the appropriate input photon number distributions in the equations that will be derived below [see for example [2] for several photon number distributions corresponding to various laser line shapes].

DOI: 10.1364/oaa.1992.thc2

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Doping a part of the optical fiber core by (Er3+ ) ions in presence of external pumping power will lead to form the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).The performance of this optical amplifier depends on (the power and the wavelength of the pumping laser, the power and wavelength of the input signal, amplifier length, ion concentration). These parameters will affect the characteristics of EDFA such as amplifier gain, gain saturation, noise figure and output power. However, these characteristics can be determined by solving the EDFA propagation and rate equations. The solution of these equations of two-level laser medium can be done numerically. In this paper, we are proposed a novel method to solve these equations. The reconstructed results are perfectly coincided the well known numerical results.

A version of an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) application scheme designed to increase the efficiency of the simultaneous quantum key distribution session and transmission of information by classical channels in a single optical fiber is explored.A theoretical study of the possibility to use EDFA in the explored way was conducted by numerical simulation methods.The mathematical model is based on the EDFA dynamics equations and the equations that determine the secure key generation rate in case of the subcarrier-wave quantum key distribution.A method for determining the optimal parameters of the scheme under study is described and the evaluation of the feasibility of using EDFA in the explored way is performed.A comparative analysis of the subcarrier-wave quantum key distribution system performance when integrated into an optical network is made in terms of the secure key generation rate for the cases when EDFA is either used or not.The results obtained demonstrate high efficiency of the scheme under study, i.e., the maximum achievable distance of the secure key distribution is increased while maintaining the efficiency of the information transmission.