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Physical Review A

Generation of long-time maximum entanglement between two dipole emitters via a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonator

Siping Liu, Jiahua Li, Rong Yu, Ying Wu

Published Apr 4, 2013• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We explore the entanglement generation between two dipole emitters via a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonant structure which consists of two metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and a high-$Q$ whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavity. Because the coupling strength between the dipole emitter and the cavity can be substantially enhanced with the help of MNPs and maintained by the WGM cavity, the maximum entanglement plateau between two dipole emitters can be deterministically created even in the presence of the spontaneous emission of the dipole emitters and the decay induced by the microcavity and MNPs. The width of the plateau depends on the coupling strengths (or the radii of the MNPs) and the initial state, but is insensitive to the dipole-cavity detuning. These results are useful in real experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.042306

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We explore the entanglement generation between two dipole emitters via a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonant structure which consists of two metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and a high-QQQ whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavity. Because the coupling strength between the dipole emitter and the cavity can be substantially enhanced with the help of MNPs and maintained by the WGM cavity, the maximum entanglement plateau between two dipole emitters can be deterministically created even in the presence of the spontaneous emission of the dipole emitters and the decay induced by the microcavity and MNPs. The width of the plateau depends on the coupling strengths (or the radii of the MNPs) and the initial state, but is insensitive to the dipole-cavity detuning. These results are useful in real experiments.
We propose a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonant structure which consists of a metal nanoparticle (MNP) and a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavity. It is found that the hybrid mode enables a strong interaction between the light and matter, and the single-atom cooperativity is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude compared to that in a bare WGM microcavity. This improvement originates from two aspects: the MNP offers a highly enhanced local field in the vicinity of an emitter, and, interestingly, the high-QQQ property of WGMs can be maintained in the presence of the MNP. Thus the present system has advantages over a single microcavity or a single MNP, and holds potential in quantum optics, nonlinear optics, and highly sensitive biosensing.
Abstract We theoretically investigate the transmission characteristics of a probe field by coupling a dipole emitter to a hybrid photonic-plasmonic structure, which consists of a metal nanoparticle (MNP) and a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity. It is found that the coupling strength between the cavity and the dipole emitter can be significantly enhanced when the emitter is located in the vicinity of the MNP suface. Moreover, the Rayleigh scattering induced by the MNP enlarges mode broadening with increasing the MNP radius. The dipole induced transparency (DIT) and Aulter–Townes splitting (ATS) can both be observed in this system. These two phenomena are attributed to the competition between the local field enhancement and the associated interaction broadening. In addition, we have obtained the conditions for realizing DIT and ATS and present them in a phase diagram dependent on the geometric parameters (for example, the MNP radius and the distance between the surface of the MNP and the dipole emitter). By tuning the geometric parameters, we demonstrate a transition from DIT to ATS. The proposal can provide a platform for the study of nonlinear quantum optics and have applications in high-efficiency photon turnstile.
We investigate relaxation dynamics in the system of two identical quantum dipole emitters (QDEs) located near a metal nanoparticle (MNP) exhibiting a dipolar localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at the frequency of the QDE radiative transition. Considering one QDE to be brought into an optically active excited state and weakly coupled to the resonant LSP, we show that a stable superposition state of two QDEs is formed during the transition time, which is much shorter than the QDE spontaneous decay time and determined by the efficiency of resonant interaction between the QDEs and induced LSP. It is elucidated that the superposition state is established as a result of redistribution of the energy of the initially excited QDE so that the corresponding steady-state QDE fields induced at the MNP site cancel each other. The degree of steady-state entanglement characterized by the concurrence is found dependent only on the ratio of distances between the QDEs and the MNP, reaching its maximum value of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.65$, when the separation between the MNP and the initially excited QDE is larger by $\ensuremath{\sim}20%$ than the distance from the other QDE to the MNP.
We propose a molecular optomechanical platform to generate robust entanglement among bosonic modes-photons, phonons, and plasmons-under ambient conditions. The system integrates a high-Q whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonator with a plasmonic nanocavity formed by a metallic nanoparticle and a single molecule. This hybrid architecture offers two critical advantages over stand-alone plasmonic systems: (i) efficient redirection of Stokes photons from the lossy plasmonic mode into the long-lived WGM resonator and (ii) suppression of molecular absorption and sustaining vibrational ground states via plasmon-WGM interactions. These features enable entanglement to redistribute from the fragile plasmon-phonon bipartition to a robust photon-phonon bipartition in the blue-detuned regime, yielding robust stationary entanglement resilient to environmental noise. Remarkably, the achieved entanglement surpasses the theoretical bound for conventional two-mode squeezing in certain parameter regimes. Our scheme establishes a universal approach to safeguard entanglement in open quantum systems and opens avenues for noise-resilient quantum information technologies.
We investigate the entanglement generation between two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanocrystal coupled to a high-Q counterpropagating twin whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) of a microtoroidal resonator. For looking into the degree and dynamics of the entanglement, we calculate the concurrence using the microscopic master equation approach. The influences of the coupling strength between the WGMs (or the size of the two spherical NV centers), the distance between two NV centers, the frequency detuning between the NV center and microresonator, and the initial state of the system on the dynamics of concurrence are discussed in detail. It is found that the maximum entanglement between the two NV centers can be created by properly adjusting these controllable system parameters. Our results may provide further insight into future solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system for quantum information engineering.
We investigate relaxation dynamics of a quantum dipole emitter (QDE), e.g., a molecule or quantum dot, located near a metal nanoparticle (MNP) exhibiting a dipolar localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at the frequency of the QDE radiative transition. It is shown that under the condition of the QDE-MNP characteristic relaxation time being much shorter than that of the QDE in free-space but much longer than the LSP lifetime. It is also shown that energy dissipation in the QDE-MNP system is relatively weak with the probability of the photon emission being about 0.75, a number which, rather surprisingly, does not explicitly depend on the metal absorption characteristics. The degree of entanglement measured by the concurrency takes the maximum value, while the distances between the QDEs and metal ball approximately are equal.