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Physical Review A

(3+1)-dimensional superluminal spatiotemporal optical solitons and vortices at weak light level

Hui‐jun Li, Yuan-po Wu, Chao Hang, Guoxiang Huang

Published Oct 22, 2012• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme is proposed to produce (3+1)-dimensional superluminal spatiotemporal optical solitons and vortices in a coherent atomic system working in an active Raman gain regime. It is shown that the evolution of the envelope of a signal field obeys a modified (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, which includes dispersion, diffraction, and Kerr nonlinearity. Various solutions of light bullets, light vortices, light-bullet trains, and light-vortex trains are presented, which display many interesting characters, including superluminal propagating velocity and extremely low generating power. In addition, they can be easily manipulated in a controllable way. Stabilization of such high-dimensional superluminal light bullets and vortices can be realized using the trapping potential formed by an additional far-detuned laser field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.043829

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A scheme is proposed to produce (3+1)-dimensional superluminal spatiotemporal optical solitons and vortices in a coherent atomic system working in an active Raman gain regime. It is shown that the evolution of the envelope of a signal field obeys a modified (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schr"odinger equation, which includes dispersion, diffraction, and Kerr nonlinearity. Various solutions of light bullets, light vortices, light-bullet trains, and light-vortex trains are presented, which display many interesting characters, including superluminal propagating velocity and extremely low generating power. In addition, they can be easily manipulated in a controllable way. Stabilization of such high-dimensional superluminal light bullets and vortices can be realized using the trapping potential formed by an additional far-detuned laser field.
We propose a scheme to generate stable ultraslow three-dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons, or ultraslow optical bullets, at very low light levels via atomic coherence. The system we consider is an ensemble of resonant, lifetime-broadened NNN-type four-level atoms, working in a regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. Due to the quantum interference effect induced by a control field, the absorption of a probe field is largely suppressed. Moreover, the Kerr nonlinearity is greatly enhanced, and the dispersion property of the probe field is drastically changed. Using a method of multiple scales, we derive two coupled nonlinear envelope equations controlling the evolution of the envelopes of the probe field and an assisted field. We show that under certain conditions the envelope of the probe field satisfies a three-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and the envelope of the assisted field obeys a linear Helmholtz equation. We obtain various optical bullet solutions for the probe-field envelope and demonstrate that such optical bullets have many novel features, including very slow propagating velocity and very low generation power. In addition, they can be actively controlled and manipulated by adjusting system parameters. The stabilization of the optical bullets obtained can be easily realized by the trapping potential contributed by the assisted field, which is also investigated in detail.
We propose a scheme to generate superluminal optical solitons in a four-level atomic system with two control fields via an active Raman gain. We derive a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation with high-order corrections contributed from linear and differential absorption, nonlinear dispersion, and delay response of nonlinear refractive index of the system. We predict various optical solitons in different regimes of system parameters, and show that these optical solitons have superluminal propagating velocity and very low generation power.
We propose a scheme to generate high-dimensional self-trapped laser beams at a very low light intensity via atomic coherence. The system we consider is a resonant four-level atomic ensemble, working in an active Raman gain regime and at room temperature. We derive a high-dimensional nonlinear envelope equation for a signal field with a specific saturable nonlinearity. We show that because of the quantum interference effect induced by a control field, the imaginary part of the coefficients of the signal-field envelope equation can be much smaller than their real part. We demonstrate that the system supports gain-assisted, stable, high-dimensional spatial optical solitons and long-lifetime vortices, which can be produced with light power at the microwatt level.
We propose a scheme to produce stable high-dimensional spatial optical solitons and vortices in an M-type five-level active Raman gain medium at room temperature. We derive a (2+1)-dimensional [(2+1)D] nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with a 2D trapping potential, which is contributed by an assisted field. We show that by adjusting the system parameter, the signs of the Kerr nonlinearity and the external potential can be manipulated at will. We then present three types of NLS equation, provide their soliton solutions, and analyze their stabilities. We finally discuss the differences in the soliton solutions between (2+1)D and (3+1)D systems with the same 2D trapping potential.
Abstract We propose a scheme to realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse by ultraslow optical soliton in a coherent inverted-Y-type atomic system via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell-Bloch equations, we derive nonlinear equations governing the spatial-temporal evolution of the probe and signal pulse envelopes. We show the giant enhancement of optical Kerr nonlinearity can be obtained under the condition of the double EIT, which results in the generation of a (2+1)-dimension optical soliton and can realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse. Applying a far-detuned laser field to the system, we find that a weak signal pulse can be trapped by a (3+1)-dimension light bullet. In particular, the trajectories of the light bullet and trapped signal pulse can be manipulated and controlled by introducing a Stern–Gerlach gradient magnetic field. The results predicted here may not only open a route for the study of weak-light nonlinear optics but also have potential applications in the precision measurements and optical information processing and transmission.
We investigate generation of three-wave coupled superluminal vector optical solitons in an active-Raman-gain (ARG) seven-level atomic system. By solving the probability amplitude equations, the linear, nonlinear and dispersion of the optical properties are analyzed for the three probe fields, which show that the dispersion effects of the probe fields can be well balanced by self-phase and cross-phase modulation of the Kerr nonlinearities and the gain can be well suppressed under certain conditions. Therefore, three-wave coupled optical vector solitons with superluminal propagating group velocity can be formed in the system. Moreover, this atomic system allows the existence of various types of three-wave superluminal vector solitons by adjusting the system parameters. We also give real parameters of 87Rb atoms for generating three-wave superluminal vector solitons, which may provide reference for experiments.