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Communications in Theoretical Physics

The Atomic Tunneling Current in Two-Species Bose–Einstein Condensates

Zhao-Xian Yu, Jiao Zhi-Yong

Published Aug 15, 2001• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that the atomic tunneling current and the Shapiro-like steps strongly depend on the initial number of atoms in each condensate and the initial phase difference between the two condensates which are initially in even (odd) coherent states. The nonlinearity of interatomic interactions in the two condensates may lead to the atomic tunneling current and Shapiro-like step between the two condensates. It is found that the interatomic nonlinear interactions can induce the atomic tunneling current and Shapiro-like step between two condensates even though there does not exist the interspecies Josephson-like tunneling coupling. The static atomic tunneling current flows in positive or negative direction, which depends on the phase difference of the two-species condensates.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/36/2/240

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It is shown that the atomic tunneling current and the Shapiro-like steps strongly depend on the initial number of atoms in each condensate and the initial phase difference between the two condensates which are initially in even (odd) coherent states. The nonlinearity of interatomic interactions in the two condensates may lead to the atomic tunneling current and Shapiro-like step between the two condensates. It is found that the interatomic nonlinear interactions can induce the atomic tunneling current and Shapiro-like step between two condensates even though there does not exist the interspecies Josephson-like tunneling coupling. The static atomic tunneling current flows in positive or negative direction, which depends on the phase difference of the two-species condensates.
We present a theoretical treatment of macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) and quantum coherent atomic tunneling in a zero-temperature two-species Bose-Einstein condensate system in the presence of the nonlinear self-interaction of each species, the interspecies nonlinear interaction, and the Josephson-like tunneling interaction. It is shown that the nonlinear interactions can dramatically affect the MQST and the atomic tunneling, and lead to the collapses and revivals (CR) of the population imbalance between the two condensates. The competing effects between the self-interaction of each species and the interspecies interaction can lead to a quenching of the MQST and a suppression of the CR and the Shapiro-like steps of the atomic tunneling current. It is revealed that interatomic nonlinear interactions can induce coherent atomic tunneling between two condensates even though interspecies Josephson-like tunneling coupling does not exist.
In this paper, we have studied the atomic population difference and the atomic tunneling current of twocomponent Bose-Einstein condensates with a coupling drive. It is found that when the two-component Bose-Einstein condensates are initially in the coherent states, the atomic population difference may exhibit the step structure, in which the numbers of the step increase with the decrease of the Rabi frequency and with the increment of the initial phase difference. The atomic population difference may exhibit collapses, and revivals, in which their periods are affected dramatically by the Rabi frequency and the initial phase difference. The atomic tunneling current may exhibit damping oscillation behaviors, and exist the step structure for the time range of 10-10 ～ 10-9 second.
In this paper, we have studied the atomic population difference and the atomic tunneling current of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with a coupling drive. It is found that when the two-component Bose-Einstein condensates are initially in the coherent states, the atomic population difference may exhibit the step structure, in which the numbers of the step increase with the decrease of the Rabi frequency and with the increment of the initial phase difference. The atomic population difference may exhibit collapses, and revivals, in which their periods are affected dramatically by the Rabi frequency and the initial phase difference. The atomic tunneling current may exhibit damping oscillation behaviors, and exist the step structure for the time range of second.
We study tunneling dynamics of atomic group in two-species molecular Bose-Einstein condensates. It is shown that the tunneling of the atom group depends on not only the tunneling coupling constant between the atomic pair molecular condensate and the three-atomic group molecular condensate, but also the inter-molecular nonlinear interactions and the initial number of atoms in these condensates. It is discovered that besides oscillating tunneling current between the atomic pair molecular condensate and the three-atomic group molecular condensate, the nonlinear atomic group tunneling dynamics sustains a self-maintained population imbalance: a macroscopic quantum self-trapping effect.