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arXiv:cond-mat/0003490 · Physical Review A

Macroscopic quantum self-trapping and atomic tunneling in two-species Bose-Einstein condensates

Le‐Man Kuang, Zhongwen Ouyang

Published Jan 11, 2000• 91 citations
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Abstract

We present a theoretical treatment of macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) and quantum coherent atomic tunneling in a zero-temperature two-species Bose-Einstein condensate system in the presence of the nonlinear self-interaction of each species, the interspecies nonlinear interaction, and the Josephson-like tunneling interaction. It is shown that the nonlinear interactions can dramatically affect the MQST and the atomic tunneling, and lead to the collapses and revivals (CR) of the population imbalance between the two condensates. The competing effects between the self-interaction of each species and the interspecies interaction can lead to a quenching of the MQST and a suppression of the CR and the Shapiro-like steps of the atomic tunneling current. It is revealed that interatomic nonlinear interactions can induce coherent atomic tunneling between two condensates even though interspecies Josephson-like tunneling coupling does not exist.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.023604

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理论物理通讯：英文版•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations
We present a theoretical treatment of macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) and quantum coherent atomic tunneling in a zero-temperature two-species Bose-Einstein condensate system in the presence of the nonlinear self-interaction of each species, the interspecies nonlinear interaction, and the Josephson-like tunneling interaction. It is shown that the nonlinear interactions can dramatically affect the MQST and the atomic tunneling, and lead to the collapses and revivals (CR) of the population imbalance between the two condensates. The competing effects between the self-interaction of each species and the interspecies interaction can lead to a quenching of the MQST and a suppression of the CR and the Shapiro-like steps of the atomic tunneling current. It is revealed that interatomic nonlinear interactions can induce coherent atomic tunneling between two condensates even though interspecies Josephson-like tunneling coupling does not exist.
In this paper, tunnelling dynamics of squeezed Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC's) in the presence of the nonlinear self-interaction of each species, the interspecies nonlinear interaction, and the Josephson-like tunnelling interaction is investigated by using the second quantization approach. The influence of BEC squeezing on macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) and quantum coherent atomic tunnelling is analyzed in detail. It is shown that the MQST and coherent atomic tunnelling between two squeezed BEC's can be manipulated through changing squeezing amplitude and squeezing phase of BEC squeezed states.
We study the coherent atomic tunneling between two zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) confined in a double-well magnetic trap. Two Gross-Pitaevskii equations for the self-interacting BEC amplitudes, coupled by a transfer matrix element, describe the dynamics in terms of the interwell phase difference and population imbalance. In addition to the anharmonic generalization of the familiar ac Josephson effect and plasma oscillations occurring in superconductor junctions, the nonlinear BEC tunneling dynamics sustains a self-maintained population imbalance: a novel ``macroscopic quantum self-trapping'' effect.
It is shown that the atomic tunneling current and the Shapiro-like steps strongly depend on the initial number of atoms in each condensate and the initial phase difference between the two condensates which are initially in even (odd) coherent states. The nonlinearity of interatomic interactions in the two condensates may lead to the atomic tunneling current and Shapiro-like step between the two condensates. It is found that the interatomic nonlinear interactions can induce the atomic tunneling current and Shapiro-like step between two condensates even though there does not exist the interspecies Josephson-like tunneling coupling. The static atomic tunneling current flows in positive or negative direction, which depends on the phase difference of the two-species condensates.
We study tunneling dynamics of atomic group in two-species molecular Bose-Einstein condensates. It is shown that the tunneling of the atom group depends on not only the tunneling coupling constant between the atomic pair molecular condensate and the three-atomic group molecular condensate, but also the inter-molecular nonlinear interactions and the initial number of atoms in these condensates. It is discovered that besides oscillating tunneling current between the atomic pair molecular condensate and the three-atomic group molecular condensate, the nonlinear atomic group tunneling dynamics sustains a self-maintained population imbalance: a macroscopic quantum self-trapping effect.