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ANALYTICAL STUDY OF OPTICAL BI-STABILITY OF A SINGLE-BUS RESONATOR BASED ON INGAAS MICRO-RING ARRAY

M.H. Mohammadzadeh, Ali Rostami

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper, for the first time to our knowledge, we investigate the optical bi-stability in a compact parallel array of micro- ring resonators with 5μm radius, induced by optical nonlinearity. Due to the nature of perfect light confinement, resonance and accumulation process in a ring resonator, optical nonlinear effects, even at small optical power of a few milliwatts in this structure are observable. Different optical applications such as: all-optical switching, memory, logic gates and modulators, due to optical bi-stability in a ring resonator are possible. By using of compound semiconductors, instead of silicon that have weakly nonlinear optical properties, we improve the performance of ring-resonator based devices. Also by using of a polymer cladding layer with negative thermo-optic coefficient, we have eliminate the temperature created nonlinearity which is a very slow process, so the switching speed of a few MHz increases to several tens of GHz. With plotting the transfer function of the resonator, a hysteresis loop in a few milliwatts is observed, that by using of ring resonator array, although the bandwidth is reduced, but the width of the hysteresis loop and resolution between both steady state

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In this paper, for the first time to our knowledge, we investigate the optical bi-stability in a compact parallel array of micro- ring resonators with 5μm radius, induced by optical nonlinearity. Due to the nature of perfect light confinement, resonance and accumulation process in a ring resonator, optical nonlinear effects, even at small optical power of a few milliwatts in this structure are observable. Different optical applications such as: all-optical switching, memory, logic gates and modulators, due to optical bi-stability in a ring resonator are possible. By using of compound semiconductors, instead of silicon that have weakly nonlinear optical properties, we improve the performance of ring-resonator based devices. Also by using of a polymer cladding layer with negative thermo-optic coefficient, we have eliminate the temperature created nonlinearity which is a very slow process, so the switching speed of a few MHz increases to several tens of GHz. With plotting the transfer function of the resonator, a hysteresis loop in a few milliwatts is observed, that by using of ring resonator array, although the bandwidth is reduced, but the width of the hysteresis loop and resolution between both steady state
We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, optical bistability on a highly integrated silicon device, using a 5-microm-radius ring resonator. The strong light-confinement nature of the resonator induces nonlinear optical response with low pump power. We show that the optical bistability allows all-optical functionalities, such as switching and memory with microsecond time response and a modulation depth of 10 dB, driven by pump power as low as 45 microW. Silicon optical bistability relies on a fast thermal nonlinear optical effect presenting a 500-kHz modulation bandwidth.
In this work, we experimentally study the optical bistability (BI) behavior in active silicon microring resonators (MRR). A stable hysteresis loop response at the output port is demonstrated at a power level higher than the BI threshold, taking into account the different detuning and free carrier life-times. That hysteresis is observed at low and high BI thresholds, which can be used for all-optical switching and optical routers. The MRR is placed inside a reverse-biased PIN junction and fabricated by CMOS technology. It records a loaded Q-factor, linewidth (3 dB width of the spectrum), and extinction ratio (ER) around105,15.310^{5},15.3105,15.3pm, and 20 dB, respectively.
A novel optical inverted bistable switch based on a nonlinear fiber ring resonator (FRR), which contains a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in the loop, have been analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The optical bistability phenomenon is obtained due to the combined nonlinear effects of the transmission characteristics of the resonator and the SOA's gain property. A complete theoretical analysis and supporting simulations are presented. A working prototype is build using commercial optical components. Experimental results show switching speed in tens of MHz with rising and falling times lower than 10 ns. Limitations in switching speed are caused by the length of the fiber loop. Therefore, improvements in operating frequencies can be increased up to GHz range if the length of the loop is reduced to the order of centimeters.
We describe the optical bistability phenomenon in a silicon-on-insulator microring resonators device by using an analytical theory, which includes both linear and nonlinear effects such as two-photon absorption, Kerr effect, free carrier and thermo-optic effect (TOE). We show that the bistable switching threshold and the hysteresis loop width can be tuned by geometrical parameters of the device and by the nonlinear parameters. The accuracy of the analytical approach is verified by comparing the spectrum responds with the predicting data from a commercial finite-difference time-domain software tool, and a very close agreement is found between the two when TOE is incorporated in analytical theory. In addition, our analysis reveals that a new type of hysteresis loop occurs at low input intensity. The mode suppression of the designed device by Vernier effect for tunable filter applications is also briefly discussed.
Optical bistability is one of the nonlinear properties that produce an essential light control which contributes in various photonics applications such as all-optical switching and optical memory. In this thesis, bistability behavior of optical signals generated in microring resonator (MRR) systems using bright soliton input pulses with 1.55 µm wavelength is studied. The generation of the bistable signals is mathematically analyzed through the transfer matrix analysis and simulated by the MATLAB software version 2014a. The behavior of the propagated input pulses in terms of intensity and phase shift is investigated for different configurations including All-pass MRR, Add-drop MRR and PANDA MRR systems. Three novel Mobius MRR configurations consist of All-pass Mobius MRR, Add-drop Mobius MRR and PANDA Mobius MRR configurations are proposed and the light treatment through Mobius MRR systems is analytically studied and compared with conventional MRR systems. For determining the effect of physical parameters such as ring radius, control power variation and coupling coefficients on the output pulse, the optical hysteresis loops of bistable signals are generated via silicon-on-insulator nonlinear MRR configurations. The analyses of the results are conducted by calculating the output switching power, input threshold power and hysteresis width of bistable loop for radius variation from 1 µm to 6 µm with an increment of 1 µm, change of coupling coefficient from 0.4 to 0.9 with increment of 0.1 and variation of controlled power from 50 mW to 100 mW with increment of 10 mW. It is found that small coupling coefficients enhance the hysteresis width and output switching power of optical bistable loops. The value of output switching power obtained at the output port of Add-drop Mobius MRR is 30.26 mW which is higher than those obtained from All-pass Mobius and PANDA Mobius MRR configurations. The threshold powers of the All-pass Mobius, Add-drop Mobius and PANDA Mobius configurations for on switching operations are obtained as 20.59 mW, 31.39 mW and 25.19 mW respectively. It is found that, optimization of the Mobius MRR system can be conducted by increasing the external radius of Mobius ring waveguide and decreasing the coupling coefficient with implementation of the high control power. In this work, the Mobius configurations are introduced as a convenient compact design to generate optical bistability in comparison with conventional configurations of nonlinear MRR system.
The theoretical investigation has been performed on the implementation of optical Mobius shape in add-drop microring resonator. The modified add-drop Mobius configuration is used to investigate the optical bistability and the spectral transmission. The optical bright soliton pulse is used as the input source of the resonator system. The pulses propagation of the resonator system is modelled using the iterative programming based on the transfer matrix analysis equations. The enhancement of nonlinear effect of the resonator system is achieved by the add-drop Mobius resonator configuration. The system has been modelled for a variation of coupling coefficient for increase the bistable signal properties. The Add-drop Mobius MRR generated a bistable signal with 6.01 mW hysteresis width, and 9.47 mW output switch power with optimized radius of 5 µm outer and 4.5 m inner ring parts with 50 mW controlled power and input power. Mobius configuration is found as the better shape of resonator cavity that capable of optical switching application.