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Quantum-Atom Optics Downunder (QAO)

Quantum State Generation in Many-Body Quantum Optical Systems

Diego Porras, Christine A. Muschik, Inés de Vega, J. I. Cirac

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider different ways of engineering quantum states of light and atoms via their interaction. First, we show that with atoms in optical lattices one may induce quantum gates between two photons. Then, I will give some procedures to create entangled states of ions and atoms in optical lattices. Those states have the property that can be mapped into photonic states by using interference, in such a way that one ends up with several entangled photons. The mapping is triggered by a laser pulse, and the emerging photons are collimated even in the absence of a cavity.

DOI
10.1364/qao.2007.qtua1

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We consider different ways of engineering quantum states of light and atoms via their interaction. First, we show that with atoms in optical lattices one may induce quantum gates between two photons. Then, I will give some procedures to create entangled states of ions and atoms in optical lattices. Those states have the property that can be mapped into photonic states by using interference, in such a way that one ends up with several entangled photons. The mapping is triggered by a laser pulse, and the emerging photons are collimated even in the absence of a cavity.
We propose and analyze a new method to produce single and entangled photons which does not require cavities. It relies on the collective enhancement of light emission as a consequence of the presence of entanglement in atomic ensembles. Light emission is triggered by a laser pulse, and therefore our scheme is deterministic. Furthermore, it allows one to produce a variety of photonic entangled states by first preparing certain atomic states using simple sequences of quantum gates. We analyze the feasibility of our scheme, and particularize it to: ions in linear traps, atoms in optical lattices, and in cells at room temperature.
The deterministic generation of collimated single and entangled photons is of crucial importance in several applications in quantum information. Most of the methods require the use of high-Q cavities, something which is very demanding in practice. In this work we propose a new method to produce single-and entangled-photons in a deterministic way which does not require the use of cavities. It relies on the collective light emission in some particular directions as a consequence of the presence of entanglement in an atomic ensemble. This light emission is triggered by a laser pulse, and therefore our scheme is deterministic. Furthermore, it allows one to produce a variety of photonic entangled states by first preparing certain classes of atomic entangled states.
In the emerging field of quantum information technology the two basic subfields are quantum communication and quantum computation. Photonic qubits are considered as most promising information carriers for this new technology due to the immense advantage of suffering negligible decoherence. Additionally, the very small photon-photon interactions can be replaced by inducing effective nonlinearities via measurements which allow for the implementation of crucial two-qubit gate operations. Although the spontaneous parametric down-conversion gives access to the generation of highly entangled few-photon states, such as four-qubit cluster states which allow to demonstrate the new concept of the one-way quantum computer, its applicability is highly limited due to the poor scaling of the simultaneous emission of more than one-entangled photon pair. Therefore of particular interest is the reversible mapping of qubits from photon states to atomic states. This might allow the implementation of photonic quantum repeaters for long-distance quantum communication or the generation of arbitrary multi-photon states as required for linear-optics quantum computing. Thus for the realization of such a quantum network several approaches for achieving the required quantum control between matter and photons have been studied during the past few years. Recent experiments demonstrating the generation of narrow-bandwidth single photons using a room-temperature ensemble of 87Rb atoms and electromagnetically induced transparency should emphasize the progress towards such a quantum network.
Summary form only given. Optical lattices provide new opportunities to create entangled states of neutral atoms for quantum information processing. Such systems have some attractive features: decoherence is suppressed because neutrals couple weakly to the environment, and operations can be performed in parallel on a large ensemble of trapped atoms, thus offering avenues for scaling to many qubits. The main source of decoherence is spontaneous emission, but this can be negligible if all manipulations are performed rapidly compared to the photon scattering rate. We consider here the possibility of using resonantly induced electric dipole-dipole interactions to engineer two-qubit operations such as the swap gate and the controlled-phase which, together with single qubit operations, can perform arbitrary quantum computations.