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Optics and Spectroscopy

New schemes for quantum state generation

A. Vidiella-Barranco

Published Sep 1, 2001• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The generation of quantum states of light has been one of the most discussed topics in quantum optics. Nevertheless, quantum state generation is a difficult task that requires extreme control. Here, I am going to discuss three different schemes for the generation of pure quantum states. These schemes rely upon the appropriate choice of atom-field interaction times, and nonclassical states are built up either from the vacuum state or from mixed states.

DOI
10.1134/1.1405209

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The generation of quantum states of light has been one of the most discussed topics in quantum optics. Nevertheless, quantum state generation is a difficult task that requires extreme control. Here, I am going to discuss three different schemes for the generation of pure quantum states. These schemes rely upon the appropriate choice of atom-field interaction times, and nonclassical states are built up either from the vacuum state or from mixed states.
We consider different ways of engineering quantum states of light and atoms via their interaction. First, we show that with atoms in optical lattices one may induce quantum gates between two photons. Then, I will give some procedures to create entangled states of ions and atoms in optical lattices. Those states have the property that can be mapped into photonic states by using interference, in such a way that one ends up with several entangled photons. The mapping is triggered by a laser pulse, and the emerging photons are collimated even in the absence of a cavity.
Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field are characterized by a reduction of fluctuations for one of two quadrature phase amplitudes below the level of fluctuations for the vacuum state. This reduction is a manifestly quantum or nonclassical feature which is of great interest in its own right but also potentially important for precision measurement with sensitivity beyond the shot-noise or vacuum-state limit. We describe three different experiments in which squeezed light has been generated in our laboratory involving parametric downconversion, intracavity frequency doubling, and optical bistability with two-state atoms. By employing the squeezed light produced by a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator, we have achieved improvements in sensitivity beyond the vacuum-state limit for the detection of both phase and amplitude changes of the electromagnetic field. An alternate route to sensitivity beyond the vacuum-state limit is through quantum nondemolition measurement, where we have suggested and are implementing a scheme involving parametric conversion and polarization mixing.
A scheme is proposed for generating a multiparticle three-dimensional entangled state by appropriately adiabatic evolutions, where atoms are respectively trapped in separated cavities so that individual addressing is needless. In the ideal case, losses due to the spontaneous transition of an atom and the excitation of photons are efficiently suppressed since atoms are all in ground states and the fields remain in a vacuum state. Compared with the previous proposals, the present scheme reduces its required operation time via simultaneously controlling four classical fields. This advantage would become even more obvious as the number of atoms increases. The experimental feasibility is also discussed. The successful preparation of a high-dimensional multiparticle entangled state among distant atoms provides better prospects for quantum communication and distributed quantum computation.