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理论物理通讯：英文版

Quantum Fisher Information of Entangled Coherent States in a Lossy Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

井晓幸, 刘京, 钟伟, 王晓光

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We give an analytical result for the quantum Fisher information of entangled coherent states in a lossy Mach–Zehnder interferometer recently proposed by Joo et al.,[Phys.Rev.Lett.107(2011)083601].For small loss of photons,we find that the entangled coherent state can surpass the Heisenberg limit.Furthermore,the formalism developed here is applicable to the study of phase sensitivity of multipartite entangled coherent states.

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We give an analytical result for the quantum Fisher information of entangled coherent states in a lossy Mach–Zehnder interferometer recently proposed by Joo et al.,[Phys.Rev.Lett.107(2011)083601].For small loss of photons,we find that the entangled coherent state can surpass the Heisenberg limit.Furthermore,the formalism developed here is applicable to the study of phase sensitivity of multipartite entangled coherent states.
Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a common device in quantum phase estimation and the photon losses in it are an important issue for achieving a high phase accuracy. Here we thoroughly discuss the precision limit of the phase in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a coherent state and a superposition of coherent states as input states. By providing a general analytical expression of quantum Fisher information, the phase-matching condition and optimal initial parity are given. Especially, in the photon loss scenario, the sensitivity behaviors are analyzed and specific strategies are provided to restore the phase accuracies for symmetric and asymmetric losses.
We investigate the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interfereometer [SU(1,1)I] and the modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MMZI) with the entangled coherent states (ECS) as inputs. We consider the ideal case and the situations in which the photon losses are taken into account. We find that, under ideal conditions, the phase sensitivity of both the MMZI and the SU(1,1)I can beat the shot-noise limit (SNL) and approach the Heisenberg limit (HL). In the presence of photon losses, the ECS can beat the coherent and squeezed states as inputs in the SU(1,1)I, and the MMZI is more robust against internal photon losses than the SU(1,1)I.
ABSTRACT Photon addition operations applied to squeezed states have been shown to significantly enhance phase sensitivity. In this work, we extend this approach by applying photon addition not only to coherent states but also within a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, using coherent and squeezed vacuum states as input. Both intensity‐difference and homodyne detection are used to evaluate photon addition schemes, and their phase sensitivities are compared under ideal and lossy conditions. We also analyze the quantum Fisher information of these two schemes. Results show that both schemes improve phase sensitivity, quantum Fisher information, and robustness against losses. In particular, photon addition within the interferometer performs better. Homodyne detection outperforms intensity difference detection under photon losses. Notably, the two schemes exhibit distinct parameter dependencies, rendering them suitable for different operational scenarios. When the squeezing parameter is small, photon addition employed at the coherent input with intensity difference detection can approach the Heisenberg limit in ideal conditions and can exceed the standard quantum limit in high‐loss conditions. The proposed scheme represents a valuable method for quantum precision measurements. PACS : 03.67.‐a, 05.30.‐d, 42.50,Dv, 03.65.Wj