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Chinese Optics Letters

Double-image encryption based on joint transform correlation and phase-shifting interferometry

Lina Shen, Jun Li, Chang Hong-sen

Published Dec 10, 2007• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An image encryption method combining the joint transform correlator (JTC) architecture with phase-shifting interferometry to realize double random-phase encoding is proposed. The encrypted field and the decrypting key are registered as holograms by phase-shifting interferometry. This method can encrypt two images simultaneously to improve the encryption efficiency of the methods based on JTC architecture, and eliminate the system alignment constraint of the methods based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture. Its feasibility and validity are verified by computer simulations. Moreover, image encryption and decryption can be achieved at high speed optically or digitally. The encrypted data are suitable for Internet transmission.

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Applied Optics•May 30, 2007•22 citations
An image encryption method combining the joint transform correlator (JTC) architecture with phase-shifting interferometry to realize double random-phase encoding is proposed. The encrypted field and the decrypting key are registered as holograms by phase-shifting interferometry. This method can encrypt two images simultaneously to improve the encryption efficiency of the methods based on JTC architecture, and eliminate the system alignment constraint of the methods based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture. Its feasibility and validity are verified by computer simulations. Moreover, image encryption and decryption can be achieved at high speed optically or digitally. The encrypted data are suitable for Internet transmission.
Joint-transform correlator (JTC) architecture presents some advantages, such as no requirement of interferometric recording of the phase distribution or complex conjugation of the key phase mask, in order to optically implement the well-known double random phase encryption (DRPE) method. In addition, a practical optical realization was proposed in a way that the whole information (primary image and two random phase masks) was easily introduced in the same input plane of the JTC system. However, poor image quality was obtained in the decryption stage. Cryptanalysis of JTC-based encryption systems demonstrated that they were vulnerable to certain intruder attacks, similarly to the original DRPE method. In this work, we review recent modifications of encryption algorithms based on JTC architecture that permit, on the one hand, to significantly increase the quality of the retrieved image after information decryption, and on the other hand, to achieve a high security level against a variety of system attacks. The modifications, which were firstly introduced in the Fourier-based JTC system, have been also adapted to be used in the Fresnel and Fractional Fourier domains as well as in the Gyrator domain. Nonlinear operations have been also introduced in multifactor encryption-authentication.
We introduce for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a three-dimensional experimental joint transform correlator (JTC) cryptosystem allowing the encryption of information for any 3D object, and as an additional novel feature, a second 3D object plays the role of the encoding key. While the JTC architecture is normally used to process 2D data, in this work, we envisage a technique that allows the use of this architecture to protect 3D data. The encrypted object information is contained in the joint power spectrum. We register the key object as a digital off-axis Fourier hologram. The encryption procedure is done optically, while the decryption is carried out by means of a virtual optical system, allowing for flexible implementation of the proposal. We present experimental results to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the method.
A technique that combines the high speed and the high security of optical encryption with the advantages of electronic transmission, storage, and decryption is introduced. Digital phase-shifting interferometry is used for efficient recording of phase and amplitude information with an intensity recording device. The encryption is performed by use of two random phase codes, one in the object plane and another in the Fresnel domain, providing high security in the encrypted image and a key with many degrees of freedom. We describe how our technique can be adapted to encrypt either the Fraunhofer or the Fresnel diffraction pattern of the input. Electronic decryption can be performed with a one-step fast Fourier transform reconstruction procedure. Experimental results for both systems including a lensless setup are shown.
An optical image encryption technique based on compressive sensing using fully optical means has been proposed. An object image is first encrypted to a white-sense stationary noise pattern using a double random phase encoding (DRPE) method in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Then, the encrypted image is highly compressed to a signal using single-pixel compressive holographic imaging in the optical domain. At the receiving terminal, the encrypted image is reconstructed well via compressive sensing theory, and the original image can be decrypted with three reconstructed holograms and the correct keys. The numerical simulations show that the method is effective and suitable for optical image security transmission in future all-optical networks because of the ability of completely optical implementation and substantially smaller hologram data volume.
Double random phase encoding technique is a valuable and effective method for optical image encryption. However, a precise alignment is required when optical setup is performed. In this paper, we investigate the shift tolerance property of the technique. The theory of the robustness to data loss of the encrypted image is proposed. According to the theory, we propose a simple and novel method to improve the shift tolerance of the decrypting phase mask. Both theory and computer simulation are presented.
We propose a method to simultaneously transmit double random-phase encryption key and an encrypted image by making use of the fact that an acceptable decryption result can be obtained when only partial data of the encrypted image have been taken in the decryption process. First, the original image data are encoded as an encrypted image by a double random-phase encryption technique. Second, a double random-phase encryption key is encoded as an encoded key by the Rivest-Shamir-Adelman (RSA) public-key encryption algorithm. Then the amplitude of the encrypted image is modulated by the encoded key to form what we call an encoded image. Finally, the encoded image that carries both the encrypted image and the encoded key is delivered to the receiver. Based on such a method, the receiver can have an acceptable result and secure transmission can be guaranteed by the RSA cipher system.