Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Journal of Modern Physics B

Entanglement formulation in the framework of electrically pumped laser cavity

Solomon Getahun

Published Feb 19, 2016• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze electrically pumped atomic cavity coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoirs via a single-port mirror whose open cavity contains N nondegenerate three-level cascade atoms. We carry out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with a vacuum reservoir in normal order. It is found that unlike the mean photon number, the quadrature squeezing and the degree of entanglement do not depend on the number of atoms. This implies that the quadrature squeezing and the degree of entanglement of the cavity light do not depend on the number of photons. We have also shown that the light generated by the three-level laser is in a squeezed and entangled state, with maximum quadrature squeezing and degree of entanglement being 50%. Moreover, the mean photon number of the system in which the laser operating at threshold and above threshold does not depend on the spontaneous decay constant.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979216500247

Related papers

Entanglement amplification by three-level laser coupled to vacuum reservoir

Menisha Alemu, Tolessa, Fekadu, Birke Alemu

In this paper we have studied the squeezing and entanglement properties of the cavity light generated by a three-level laser. In this quantum optical system, N three-level atoms available in an open cavity, coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir, are pumped to the top level by means of electron bombardment at constant rate. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated the mean, variance of the photon number, the quadrature squeezing, entanglement amplification as well as the normalized second-order correlation function for the cavity light. In addition, we have shown that the presence of the spontaneous emission process leads to a decrease in the mean and variance of the photon number. We have observed that the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. In addition, we have found that the effect of the vacuum reservoir noise is to increase the photon-number variance and to decrease the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light. However, the vacuum reservoir noise does not have any effect on the mean photon number. Moreover, the maximum quadrature squeezing of the light generated by the laser, operating far below threshold, is found to be below the vacuum-state level. In addition, our result indicates that the quadrature squeezing is greater for than that for for 0.01 < < 0.35 and is smaller for than that for for 0.35 < < 1. We have also noted that the squeezing and entanglement in the two-mode light are directly related. As a result, an increase in the degree of squeezing directly leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement and vice versa. This shows that, whenever there is squeezing in the two-mode light, there exists an entanglement in the system.

Iranian Journal of Physics Research•Dec 1, 2023•0 citations

The Quantum analysis of Nondegenerate Three-Level Laser with Spontaneous Emission and Noiseless Vacuum Reservoir

Tamirat Abebe

The analysis of quantum properties of the cavity light produced by a coherently driven nondegenerate three-level laser possessing an open cavity and coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir is presented. The normal ordering of noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir is considered. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, the squeezing properties, entanglement amplification, and the normalized second-order correlation function of the cavity radiation are described. The three-level laser generates squeezed light under certain conditions, with maximum intracavity squeezing being 50% below the vacuum-state level. Moreover, it is found that the presence of spontaneous emission increases the quadrature squeezing and entanglement and decreses the mean photon number of the two-mode cavity radiation.

Ukrainian Journal of Physics•Dec 1, 2018•25 citations

Cv Bipartite Entanglement of Non-Degenerate Three-Level Laser with Squeezed Modes Pumped by Coherent Light

Getachew A. Gebru, Solomon Getahun

We analyze the CV bipartite entanglement of the light generated by a coheretly pumped non degenerate three-level laser with a two-mode subharmonic generator coupled to a twomode vacuum reservoir via a single-port mirror, whose open cavity contains N non-degenerate three-level cascade atoms. We carry out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with a vacuum reservoir in normal order. It is found that the photon-state of the system is strongly entangled at steady state where as the atom state of the system is not entangled. We have also shown that as the stimulated decay constant increases, the degree of entanglement increases. In addition, we have established that the photons in the laser cavity are highly correlated and the photon correlation and entanglement increases as the amplitude of the coherent light driving the pump mode increases. Moreover, we have realized that the presence of the subharmonic generator leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement and correlations.

Global Journal of Human Social Science•Sep 8, 2015•0 citations

The Effect of Parametric Amplifier on Entanglement and Statistical Properties of Nondegenerate Three-Level Laser Pumped by Electron Bombardment

Tamirat Abebe

In this paper, the quantum properties of an electrically pumped non-degenerate three level laser with two mode subharmonic generator coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoirs via a single-port mirror whose open cavity contains N non-degenerate three-level cascade atoms is presented. The analysis is carried out by putting the noise operators associated with a vacuum reservoir in normal order. It is found that the photons as well as atoms of the system are strongly entangled at steady state. It has been shown that the degree of photon entanglement greater than that of atom entanglement. Moreover, the presence of the subharmonic generator leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement.

Global Journal of Human Social Science•Oct 1, 2018•0 citations

The Entanglement and Quadrature Squeezing of a Cavity Light in a Coherently Pumped Atom

We consider a three-level cascade laser in which a coherently driven non-degenerate three-level atom available in a closed cavity coupled to a twomode vacuum reservoir.Applying the interaction Hamiltonian and Heisenberg equation of motion, we analyze the mean photon number, quadrature squeezing, and entanglement properties of the light produced by this quantum optical system inside the cavity.We find that the light generated by this system is in a two-mode squeezed state under certain conditions and the state of the system is weakly entangled at steady state due to the presence of the two-mode vacuum reservoir noise.

Bulgarian Journal of Physics•Sep 21, 2025•0 citations

Spontaneous Emission by Three-level Atoms Pumped by Electron Bombardment

Menisha Alemu

In this paper we have studied the statistical and squeezing properties of the cavity light generated by a three-level laser. In this quantum optical system, N three-level atoms available in an open cavity, coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir, are pumped to the top level by means of electron bombardment at constant rate. We have considered the case in which the three-level atoms and the cavity modes interact with the two-mode vacuum reservoir. We have carried out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir in normal order. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated the mean and variance of the photon number as well as the quadrature squeezing for the cavity light. In addition, we have shown that the presence of the spontaneous emission process leads to a decrease in the mean and variance of the photon number. We have observed that the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. The maximum quadrature squeezing of the light generated by the laser, operating far below threshold, is found to be 50% below the vacuum-state level. We have also established that the mean photon number in the presence of spontaneous emission is less than the absence of spontaneous emission.

Universal Journal of Physics and Application•Mar 1, 2020•8 citations
We analyze electrically pumped atomic cavity coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoirs via a single-port mirror whose open cavity contains N nondegenerate three-level cascade atoms. We carry out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with a vacuum reservoir in normal order. It is found that unlike the mean photon number, the quadrature squeezing and the degree of entanglement do not depend on the number of atoms. This implies that the quadrature squeezing and the degree of entanglement of the cavity light do not depend on the number of photons. We have also shown that the light generated by the three-level laser is in a squeezed and entangled state, with maximum quadrature squeezing and degree of entanglement being 50%. Moreover, the mean photon number of the system in which the laser operating at threshold and above threshold does not depend on the spontaneous decay constant.
In this paper we have studied the squeezing and entanglement properties of the cavity light generated by a three-level laser. In this quantum optical system, N three-level atoms available in an open cavity, coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir, are pumped to the top level by means of electron bombardment at constant rate. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated the mean, variance of the photon number, the quadrature squeezing, entanglement amplification as well as the normalized second-order correlation function for the cavity light. In addition, we have shown that the presence of the spontaneous emission process leads to a decrease in the mean and variance of the photon number. We have observed that the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. In addition, we have found that the effect of the vacuum reservoir noise is to increase the photon-number variance and to decrease the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light. However, the vacuum reservoir noise does not have any effect on the mean photon number. Moreover, the maximum quadrature squeezing of the light generated by the laser, operating far below threshold, is found to be below the vacuum-state level. In addition, our result indicates that the quadrature squeezing is greater for than that for for 0.01 < < 0.35 and is smaller for than that for for 0.35 < < 1. We have also noted that the squeezing and entanglement in the two-mode light are directly related. As a result, an increase in the degree of squeezing directly leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement and vice versa. This shows that, whenever there is squeezing in the two-mode light, there exists an entanglement in the system.
The analysis of quantum properties of the cavity light produced by a coherently driven nondegenerate three-level laser possessing an open cavity and coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir is presented. The normal ordering of noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir is considered. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, the squeezing properties, entanglement amplification, and the normalized second-order correlation function of the cavity radiation are described. The three-level laser generates squeezed light under certain conditions, with maximum intracavity squeezing being 50% below the vacuum-state level. Moreover, it is found that the presence of spontaneous emission increases the quadrature squeezing and entanglement and decreses the mean photon number of the two-mode cavity radiation.
We analyze the CV bipartite entanglement of the light generated by a coheretly pumped non degenerate three-level laser with a two-mode subharmonic generator coupled to a twomode vacuum reservoir via a single-port mirror, whose open cavity contains N non-degenerate three-level cascade atoms. We carry out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with a vacuum reservoir in normal order. It is found that the photon-state of the system is strongly entangled at steady state where as the atom state of the system is not entangled. We have also shown that as the stimulated decay constant increases, the degree of entanglement increases. In addition, we have established that the photons in the laser cavity are highly correlated and the photon correlation and entanglement increases as the amplitude of the coherent light driving the pump mode increases. Moreover, we have realized that the presence of the subharmonic generator leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement and correlations.
In this paper, the quantum properties of an electrically pumped non-degenerate three level laser with two mode subharmonic generator coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoirs via a single-port mirror whose open cavity contains N non-degenerate three-level cascade atoms is presented. The analysis is carried out by putting the noise operators associated with a vacuum reservoir in normal order. It is found that the photons as well as atoms of the system are strongly entangled at steady state. It has been shown that the degree of photon entanglement greater than that of atom entanglement. Moreover, the presence of the subharmonic generator leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement.
We consider a three-level cascade laser in which a coherently driven non-degenerate three-level atom available in a closed cavity coupled to a twomode vacuum reservoir.Applying the interaction Hamiltonian and Heisenberg equation of motion, we analyze the mean photon number, quadrature squeezing, and entanglement properties of the light produced by this quantum optical system inside the cavity.We find that the light generated by this system is in a two-mode squeezed state under certain conditions and the state of the system is weakly entangled at steady state due to the presence of the two-mode vacuum reservoir noise.
In this paper we have studied the statistical and squeezing properties of the cavity light generated by a three-level laser. In this quantum optical system, N three-level atoms available in an open cavity, coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir, are pumped to the top level by means of electron bombardment at constant rate. We have considered the case in which the three-level atoms and the cavity modes interact with the two-mode vacuum reservoir. We have carried out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir in normal order. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated the mean and variance of the photon number as well as the quadrature squeezing for the cavity light. In addition, we have shown that the presence of the spontaneous emission process leads to a decrease in the mean and variance of the photon number. We have observed that the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. The maximum quadrature squeezing of the light generated by the laser, operating far below threshold, is found to be 50% below the vacuum-state level. We have also established that the mean photon number in the presence of spontaneous emission is less than the absence of spontaneous emission.