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BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks

Atom-field interaction with dissipative coupling

Published Dec 17, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this chapter, we treat the basic quantum process of electromagnetic field propagation through an atomic system in a resonant Fabry-Perot cavity. We obtain the transmission characteristic of such a cavity, which is a basic element for a quantum heat converter. When the system is opened only by a population decay and a polarization dephasing, we get only an optical bistability characteristic. By openness according to the Lindblad- Sandulescu-Scutaru theory, we get also a coupling through environment between population and polarization, which, in some conditions, leads to an energy transfer from the disordered environment to the coherent electromagnetic field. We find that this phenomenon, which has experimental evidence, is an effect of an atom-atom coupling.

DOI
10.2174/9781608059867114010009

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In this chapter, we treat the basic quantum process of electromagnetic field propagation through an atomic system in a resonant Fabry-Perot cavity. We obtain the transmission characteristic of such a cavity, which is a basic element for a quantum heat converter. When the system is opened only by a population decay and a polarization dephasing, we get only an optical bistability characteristic. By openness according to the Lindblad- Sandulescu-Scutaru theory, we get also a coupling through environment between population and polarization, which, in some conditions, leads to an energy transfer from the disordered environment to the coherent electromagnetic field. We find that this phenomenon, which has experimental evidence, is an effect of an atom-atom coupling.
In this work a theoretical model treating the optical bistability in a two state dissipative atomic medium inside a Fabry-Perot cavity is presented.The model is based on a semiclassical point of view to explain the field-matter interaction.The atoms of the medium are described by the "quantum polarization equation of motion" while the field is described by the "classical Maxwell's field equations".Applying the boundary conditions to the fields inside the Fabry-Perot cavity, the occurrence of optical bistability is deduced between the incident field intensity and both the intracavity and transmitted field intensities.Also the effect of building standing and nonstanding waves inside the cavity on bistability is discussed.
The control of light transmission through a standing-wave Fabry-P\'erot cavity containing atoms is theoretically and numerically investigated, when the cavity mode beam and an intersecting control beam are both close to specific atomic resonances. A four-level atomic system is considered and its interaction with the cavity mode is studied by solving for the cavity field and atomic state populations. The conditions for optical bistability of the atom-cavity system are obtained. The response of the intracavity intensity to an intersecting beam on atomic resonance is understood in the presence of stationary atoms (closed system) and nonstatic atoms (open system) in the cavity. The nonstatic system of atoms is modelled by adjusting the atomic state populations to represent the exchange of atoms in the cavity mode, which corresponds to a thermal environment where atoms are moving in and out of the cavity mode volume. The control behavior with three- and two-level atomic systems is also studied, and the rich physics arising out of these systems for closed and open atomic systems is discussed. The solutions to the models are used to interpret the steady-state and transient behavior observed by Sharma et al. [Phys. Rev. A 91, 043824 (2015)].
In the framework of a general theory of open quantum systems, we obtain a quantum master equation for the two-level atom interacting with a single mode of the electromagnetic field. On this basis, we obtain new optical equations. In comparison with the conventional Bloch-Feynman optical equations which contain three phenomenological parameters, the new equations contain nine phenomenological parameters. New physical effects , due to the opening of the system, are predicted: 1) a resonance frequency shift, 2) an asymmetry of the spectral line, 3) a modification of the dependence of the absorbtion coefficient and of the nonlinear dephasing on the atomic detuning, and 4) an additional nonlinear dependence of the absorbtion coefficient on the electric field. For a rather small atom density when the fourth effect can be neglected,we found an analytical expression of the transmittivity characteristic of an optical bistable Fabry-Perot resonator and found a good agreement with the experiment.
Starting from the semiclassical theory of light–matter interaction, we have theoretically investigated the substantial influences of two coherent driving fields on manipulating the single-photon transmission probability in the extensively studied atom-cavity-waveguide coupled system. The results strictly demonstrate that under the relatively large photon-cavity detuning and moderately strong driving fields, the single-photon transmission probability increases remarkably from the original 0 to 1 by controlling the coherent fields in the nondissipative environment, which manifests the manipulation of the coherent fields as a sort of highly controllable external tool to efficiently act as an experimentally available all-optical quantum switching. In contrast, the behavior independent from variation of coherent fields and characterized by the stationary transmission spectrum appears under the photon-atom on-resonance condition. Similar properties can also be observed in the dissipative environment. These distinct characteristics essentially reveal some significant functionalities of coherent field control in influencing the single-photon transmission spectrum, which may have potential applications in designing efficient photonic devices.
We develop a theoretical framework for the exploration of quantum mechanical coherent population transfer phenomena, with the ultimate goal of constructing faithful models of devices for classical and quantum information processing applications. We begin by outlining a general formalism for weak-field quantum optics in the Schrödinger picture, and we include a general phenomenological representation of Lindblad decoherence mechanisms. We use this formalism to describe the interaction of a single stationary multilevel atom with one or more propagating classical or quantum laser fields, and we describe in detail several manifestations and applications of electromagnetically induced transparency. In addition to providing a clear description of the nonlinear optical characteristics of electromagnetically transparent systems that lead to ‘ultraslow light’, we verify that—in principle—a multi-particle atomic or molecular system could be used as either a low power optical switch or a quantum phase shifter. However, we demonstrate that the presence of significant dephasing effects destroys the induced transparency, and that increasing the number of particles weakly interacting with the probe field only reduces the nonlinearity further. Finally, a detailed calculation of the relative quantum phase induced by a system of atoms on a superposition of spatially distinct Fock states predicts that a significant quasi-Kerr nonlinearity and a low entropy cannot be simultaneously achieved in the presence of arbitrary spontaneous emission rates. Within our model, we identify the constraints that need to be met for this system to act as a one-qubit and a two-qubit conditional phase gate.
We develop a theoretical framework for the exploration of quantum mechanical coherent population transfer phenomena, with the ultimate goal of constructing faithful models of devices for classical and quantum information processing applications.We begin by outlining a general formalism for weak-field quantum optics in the Schrödinger picture, and we include a general phenomenological representation of Lindblad decoherence mechanisms.We use this formalism to describe the interaction of a single stationary multilevel atom with one or more propagating classical or quantum laser fields, and we describe in detail several manifestations and applications of electromagnetically induced transparency.In addition to providing a clear description of the nonlinear optical characteristics of electromagnetically transparent systems that lead to "ultraslow light," we verify that -in principle -a multi-particle atomic or molecular system could be used as either a low power optical switch or a quantum phase shifter.However, we demonstrate that the presence of significant dephasing effects on the metastable levels destroys the induced transparency.Finally, a detailed calculation of the relative quantum phase induced by a system of atoms on a superposition of spatially distinct Fock states predicts that a significant quasi-Kerr nonlinearity and a low entropy cannot be simultaneously achieved in the presence of arbitrary spontaneous emission rates.Within our model, we identify the constraints that need to be met for this system to act as a one-qubit and a two-qubit conditional phase gate.