Packaged entanglement states encapsulate the necessary physical quantities as an entirety for completely identifying the particles. They are important for particle physics and matter teleportation. Here we proposed the new packaged entanglement states (of two particles and more than two particles) in which the charge does not conserve in the process of wave function collapse. We also discussed the particle teleportation and entanglement transfer using the new packaged entanglement states. It is shown that a particle always converts into its conjugating particle during the particle teleportation process.
Packaged entanglement states encapsulate the necessary physical quantities as an entirety for completely identifying the particles. They are important for particle physics and matter teleportation. Here we proposed the new packaged entanglement states (of two particles and more than two particles) in which the charge does not conserve in the process of wave function collapse. We also discussed the particle teleportation and entanglement transfer using the new packaged entanglement states. It is shown that a particle always converts into its conjugating particle during the particle teleportation process.
Entanglement states are important for both basic research and applied research. However, these entanglement states usually relate to one or several of the particles' physical quantities. Here we theoretically show that a particle-antiparticle pair can form packaged entanglement states which encapsulate all the necessary physical quantities for completely identifying the particles. There are two types of packaged entanglement states, i.e., C-symmetrical and C-asymmetrical. The particles in the packaged entanglement states are hermaphroditic and indeterminate. Thereafter, we gave a possible experimental scheme for testing the packaged entanglement states. We also proposed a protocol for teleporting a particle to an arbitrarily large distance using the packaged entanglement states and discussed the transfer of a packaged entanglement state from two particles to another two particles. Finally, we present a new interpretation to the baryogenesis based on the theory of packaged entanglement states in which the particles are indeterminate and hermaphroditic. Baryogenesis, or the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, is one of the major unsolved problems in physical cosmology. We have shown that the collapse of packaged entanglement states with C-symmetry breaking satisfies the Sakharov conditions. By further proposing an entanglement selection principle, we can give a self-consistent interpretation to the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry produced in early universe. Thus, the collapse of packaged entanglement states with C-symmetry breaking could be or at lease contribute to the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry. These packaged entanglement states could be important for particle physics and useful in matter teleportation, medicine, remote control, and energy transfer.
The quantum entanglement that include every physical properties of particles would be important for both theoretical and applied physics. Here, we theoretically show that a particle–antiparticle pair can form the so-called packaged entangled states which encapsulate all the necessary physical quantities for completely identifying the particles. The particles in the packaged entangled states exhibit unusual properties. Thereafter, we proposed the possible protocol for teleporting the entire quantum state of a particle (or an antiparticle) to an arbitrarily large distance and the transfer of new entangled states from a particle pair to another particle pair. Finally, we presented a new interpretation to the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the observable universe.
Symmetry packaging is the phenomenon whereby, upon particle creation, all the internal quantum numbers (IQNs) become locked into a single irreducible representation (irrep) block of the gauge group, as required by locality and gauge invariance. The resulting packaged quantum states exhibit characteristic symmetry constraints and entanglement patterns. We develop a group-theoretic framework to describe the symmetry packaging for a variety of concrete symmetries and to classify the corresponding packaged states:(1) We prove that for any finite or compact group G, there exist G-associated packaged subspaces, in which every vector is automatically a packaged state. In particular, in multi-particle systems, any nontrivial representation of G induces inseparable packaged entanglement that locks together all IQNs.(2) We apply this framework to symmetry packaging in finite groups (cyclic group ZN, charge conjugation C, fermion parity, parity P, time reversal T, and dihedral groups), compact groups (U(1), SU(N), SU(2), and SU(3)), p-form symmetries, and hybrid symmetries. In each case, gauge invariance and superselection rules forbid the factorization of the resulting states. We illustrate how Bell-type packaged entangled states, color confinement, and hybrid gauge-invariant configurations all arise naturally. These results yield a complete classification of packaged quantum states.(3) Finally, we extend the packaging principle to incorporate full spacetime symmetry and hybrid systems of local, global, and Lorentz/Poincaré charges.Our approach unifies tools from group theory, gauge theory, and topological classification. These results may be useful for potential applications in high energy physics, quantum field theory, and quantum technologies.
Quantum teleportation represents a groundbreaking technique in quantum information science that allows for the transfer of quantum states between distant parties without physically transmitting the particle itself. This phenomenon relies heavily on quantum entanglement, where the states of two particles become correlated in such a way that the state of one can be immediately known by measuring the other. This article explores the role of entangled states in quantum teleportation, explaining their fundamental importance, the mechanisms of their creation, and the practical implications for future quantum communication systems. Furthermore, it examines the theoretical models and experimental implementations that demonstrate the viability of quantum teleportation.
Abstract Quantum teleportation is an interesting feature of quantum mechanics. Entanglement is used as a link between two remote locations to transfer a quantum state without physically sending it – a process that cannot be realized utilizing merely classical tools. Furthermore it has become evident that teleportation is also an important element of future quantum networks and it can be an ingredient for quantum computation. This article reports for the first time the teleportation from light to atoms. In the experiment discussed, the quantum state of a light beam is transferred to an atomic ensemble. The key element of light‐atom entanglement created via a dispersive interaction lays the foundation for the protocol.
Quantifying how much a quantum state breaks a symmetry is essential for characterizing phases, nonequilibrium dynamics, and open-system behavior. For mixed states, however, conventional diagnostics of weak symmetry breaking can miss a stronger form of symmetry breaking associated with the possibility of exchanging conserved charges with an environment. We develop a resource theory of strong symmetry breaking by identifying the appropriate free states and free operations, and, for channels on a fixed system, by showing that the latter are precisely the operations realizable without exchanging the conserved charge with the environment. We systematically construct measures of strong symmetry breaking, including strong entanglement asymmetry and covariance matrices of symmetry generators, for a broad class of symmetry groups. We further completely characterize i.i.d. convertibility between arbitrary states under any compact Lie group strong symmetry. This identifies the combinations of resource-theoretically valid measures that quantify strong symmetry breaking for arbitrary states, including all mixed states. In particular, for U(1) symmetry, if the states have positive variances of the conserved quantity and equal strong-symmetry periods, the conversion rate is completely determined by the variance ratio whenever the input is pure or the output is weak symmetric. Thus, for these state conversions, the variance of the conserved quantity plays an operational role analogous to that of entanglement entropy in entanglement theory or quantum Fisher information in the resource theory of weak asymmetry. We further show how weak symmetry breaking is irreversibly converted into strong symmetry breaking in open-system dynamics. We illustrate the framework with examples from quantum field theory, strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking, and a strong-symmetry analogue of Mpemba-type dynamics.