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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Phase-dependent light switching in triple-Λ system

Byoung‐Uk Sohn, Bongjune Kim, Do‐Kyeong Ko, Hoonsoo Kang

Published Jun 2, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically studied a triple-Λ system comprising three pairs of coupling-probe fields. Three probe fields were phase-dependently switched with a switching depth above 80%, at which the group-velocity matching of all probe pulses was available under slow light-propagation conditions. We considered the probe susceptibility as the superposition of three-photon transitions to systematically understand the multi-photon interference in a triple-Λ system, which can be applied to systems with N−Λ (N≥1). This helped us to tailor the probe susceptibility by adjusting the detuning and phases of the coupling and probe fields. This work can be applied to all-optical switching gates for triple-photons and can enhance the speed of processing optical information.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.001267

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We theoretically studied a triple-Λ system comprising three pairs of coupling-probe fields. Three probe fields were phase-dependently switched with a switching depth above 80%, at which the group-velocity matching of all probe pulses was available under slow light-propagation conditions. We considered the probe susceptibility as the superposition of three-photon transitions to systematically understand the multi-photon interference in a triple-Λ system, which can be applied to systems with N−Λ (N≥1). This helped us to tailor the probe susceptibility by adjusting the detuning and phases of the coupling and probe fields. This work can be applied to all-optical switching gates for triple-photons and can enhance the speed of processing optical information.
The group velocity of the probe light pulse (GVPLP) propagating through an open Λ-type atomic system with a spontaneously generated coherence is investigated when the weak probe and strong driving light fields have different frequencies. It is found that adjusting the detuning or Rabi frequency of the probe light field can realize switching of the GVPLP from subluminal to superluminal. Changing the relative phase between the probe and driving light fields or atomic exit and injection rates can lead to GVPLP varying in a wider range, but cannot induce transformation of the property of the GVPLP. The absolute value of the GVPLP always increases with Rabi frequency of the driving light field increasing. For subluminal and superluminal propagation, the system always exhibits the probe absorption, and GVPLP is mainly determined by the slope of the steep dispersion.
Abstract We propose a model for optical switching in a closed-loop three-level lambda atomic system excited by two optical fields, coupling and probe lights, and by a microwave-driven field. A set of coupled Maxwell–Bloch equations for the atom-field system is numerically solved with a combination of the Runge–Kutta and finite difference techniques. It is shown that the transmitted probe light can be switched to a nearly square pulse train by switching the relative phase of the interacting fields or by switching the intensity of the microwave field. Furthermore, the switching mode between the probe field and relative phase can be anti-synchronous or synchronous, depending on the relative phase being modulated to π /2 and 3 π /2 or π and 2 π , respectively. Also, the efficiency and the switching rate can be controlled by the microwave field, the relative phase and the intensity of the coupling field. Such a controllable optical switching model can be applied in the design of optical switching and amplification devices working at low light intensities.
Multi-photon interference effects of the optical loop in a double- Λ / V system aid coherent photon control, especially all-optical switching between single photons. In the multi-photon interference, phase fluctuations induced by the mechanical vibration of the optical components should be removed to observe the high fidelity of photon controls. We solved this problem by overlapping coupling and probe beams that have opposite phase shifts in the optical loop system to cancel out phase fluctuation induced by mechanical vibration. We used two independent laser sources to generate two pairs of coupling-probe fields that are resonant on a double- Λ system. The removal of vibrational phase fluctuation was confirmed by comparison with a normal phase-dependent light-switching experiment.
We observed conditional cross-phase modulation (C-XPM) applicable to quantum phase gate. Combinations of two probe field’s polarizations conditioned XPM of two probe fields in the corresponding nonlinear optical system. With optimized parameters of multi-photon transition, we could increase C-XPM more than 1 rad. with small probe absorption. Group velocity matching ratio between probe pulses was estimated to 1.2 in the optical loop system. Because multi-photon interference depends on the ratio between the Rabi frequencies of the probe fields, not the individual intensity, we expect the same phase shift between few photons level’s probe pulses in our scheme.
In this paper we study the coherent transient property of a Λ-three-level system (Ωd = 0) and a quasi- Λ -four-level system (Ωd>0). Optical switching of the probe field can be achieved by applying a pulsed coupling field or rf field. In Λ -shaped three-level system, when the coupling field was switched on, there is a almost total transparency of the probe field and the time required for the absorption changing from 90% to 10% of the maximum absorption is 2.9Γ0 (Γ0 is spontaneous emission lifetime). When the coupling field was switched off, there is an initial increase of the probe field absorption and then gradually evolves to the maximum of absorption of the two-level absorption, the time required for the absorption of the system changing from 10% to 90% is 4.2Γ0. In four-level system, where rf driving field is used as switching field, to achieve the same depth of the optical switching, the time of the optical switching is 2.5Γ0 and 6.1Γ0, respectively. The results show that with the same depth of the optical switching, the switch-on time of the four-level system is shorter than that of the three-level system, while the switch-off time of the four-level system is longer. The depth of the optical switching of the four-level system was much larger than that of the three-level system, where the depth of the optical switching of the latter is merely 14.8% of that of the former. The speed of optical switching of the two systems can be increased by the increase of Rabi frequency of coupling field or rf field.