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Physica Scripta

Controllable optical switching in a closed-loop three-level lambda system

Dong Hoang Minh, Nguyen Huy Bang

Published Jun 18, 2019• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose a model for optical switching in a closed-loop three-level lambda atomic system excited by two optical fields, coupling and probe lights, and by a microwave-driven field. A set of coupled Maxwell–Bloch equations for the atom-field system is numerically solved with a combination of the Runge–Kutta and finite difference techniques. It is shown that the transmitted probe light can be switched to a nearly square pulse train by switching the relative phase of the interacting fields or by switching the intensity of the microwave field. Furthermore, the switching mode between the probe field and relative phase can be anti-synchronous or synchronous, depending on the relative phase being modulated to π /2 and 3 π /2 or π and 2 π , respectively. Also, the efficiency and the switching rate can be controlled by the microwave field, the relative phase and the intensity of the coupling field. Such a controllable optical switching model can be applied in the design of optical switching and amplification devices working at low light intensities.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ab2a7d

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Jul 1, 2009•1 citation
Abstract We propose a model for optical switching in a closed-loop three-level lambda atomic system excited by two optical fields, coupling and probe lights, and by a microwave-driven field. A set of coupled Maxwell–Bloch equations for the atom-field system is numerically solved with a combination of the Runge–Kutta and finite difference techniques. It is shown that the transmitted probe light can be switched to a nearly square pulse train by switching the relative phase of the interacting fields or by switching the intensity of the microwave field. Furthermore, the switching mode between the probe field and relative phase can be anti-synchronous or synchronous, depending on the relative phase being modulated to π /2 and 3 π /2 or π and 2 π , respectively. Also, the efficiency and the switching rate can be controlled by the microwave field, the relative phase and the intensity of the coupling field. Such a controllable optical switching model can be applied in the design of optical switching and amplification devices working at low light intensities.
We examine the gain property of a probe field interacting with two different three-level Lambda-type atomic systems with an open loop or a close loop. In the atomic system with an open loop, there exists quantum interference resulting from spontaneous emissions to two near-degenerate lower levels from a common upper level, and the weak probe field can be greatly amplified due to the spontaneously generated coherence. Moreover, the probe gain becomes sensitive to the relative phase between the probe and coupling fields, so we can realize phase control of the probe gain in principle. In the atomic system with a close loop, we use a microwave field to couple the two well-spaced lower levels so that quantum coherence similar to SGC can be generated. In this atomic system, we also can achieve the phase-sensitive probe gain due to the quantum interference between two different absorption channels for the probe field. Note, only in the case of three-photon resonance, this close-loop atomic system can reach a steady state. While in the case of three-photon off-resonance, the probe gain without inversion always oscillates periodically versus time, thus no steady-state probe gain can be achieved.
Abstract We present an experimental study of a Δ system in a room temperature, dilute sample of 85 Rb atoms. A Δ system in the D2 manifold of 85 Rb is formed by connecting the two lower hyperfine energy levels of a Λ system by a microwave drive field at 3.0357 GHz. We show that when the Rabi frequency of a microwave drive field exceeds that of the optical probe field, a three-wave mixing nonlinear interaction is established. This nonlinear interaction changes the enhanced transmission of the optical probe to a deep absorption for a relative phase difference of π between all the three fields. We establish through our experiment and our numerical simulation, the phase-sensitive and nonlinear nature of the Δ system’s response to the applied microwave and optical fields. Using this feature, we demonstrate a high-contrast microwave phase controlled switch for the optical probe field. In comparison with intensity and phase switching demonstrated with all-optical fields so far, our experiment opens up the possibility of obtaining the highest contrast optical switching with room temperature atoms.
Abstract We have theoretically studied the electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a three-level closed Λ-type atomic system. The upper level is coupled to the two lower levels via a strong control and a weak probe field. In addition to these two optical fields a weak microwave field is also applied to couple the lower two levels. Our results show that the relative phase of the three fields in the presence of microwave field enhances the dispersion in the medium and consequently provides control over magnitude of the diffraction intensities. We have optimized the system parameters such as strength of the fields and interaction length to attain increased first order diffraction. Furthermore, we have also studied the effects of probe detuning on diffraction intensities. Interestingly, the probe detuning results in suppression of the zeroth order intensity while increasing the higher order intensities.
Abstract This paper describes a theoretical study of the optical responses of an atomic medium to the probe field in a four-level (Δ + ∇)-type closed-contour interaction system driven by two pump laser fields (P1, P2), one probe laser field (Pr) and two microwave or radio frequency (RF) coupling fields (L, U). Here, L and U are considered to connect the forbidden electric dipole transitions, i.e. two hyperfine ground states of the Δ subsystem and two hyperfine excited states of the ∇ subsystem, respectively. Since each subsystem is a closed-loop system, relative phases are thought to be present between the optical fields (pump and probe fields), and the microwave or RF fields. The manipulation of the quantum coherence of the system by the strengths of coupling fields along with the relative phases is demonstrated in terms of the changes occurring in the absorption of the probe field by the medium. The probe absorption and dispersion profiles are extracted by numerically solving the optical Bloch equations for the system under steady-state conditions. In this study, we start by illuminating the system with the probe only, and then, by applying the pump fields and the coupling fields one by one, the changes in the absorptive and dispersive probe line profiles are investigated for two distinct cases that depend on the relative strengths of the pump fields, e.g. when P2 is stronger than P1 and vice versa. Furthermore, the individual effects of the strengths and phases of the coupling fields on the probe absorption, transparency and amplification are also explored for both cases. All the changes that appear in the probe signal as a result of the application of different fields are explained by the modified interaction fields or the corresponding effective Rabi frequencies obtained from the partial dressed-state analysis.
Abstract We proposed a model for all-optical switching in a medium consisting of four-level vee-cascade atomic systems excited by coupling, probe, and signal fields. It is shown that, by changing the intensity or the frequency of the signal field, the medium can be actively switched between either electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), which has behavior of all-optical switching. As a result, a cw probe field is switched into square pulses by modulating the intensity or the frequency of the signal light. Furthermore, width of the square probe pulses can be controlled by tuning the switching period of the signal field. Such a tuneable all-optical switching is useful for finding related applications in optic communications and optical storage devices.
The temporal and spatial dynamics of one weak probe laser pulse, propagating through a A-type atomic medium with two-folded levels under the resonant excitation of one microwave driving field and one strong control field, is investigated in this paper. By numerically solving coupled Bloch-Maxwell equations, it is found that, in the absence of the microwave driving field, the atomic medium is transparent to the probe pulse at line center, which propagates over sufficiently long distances. By contrast, when the microwave driving field is applied, the probe pulse at line center can be rapidly absorbed on propagation. This substantial reduction of probe transmittance caused by the microwave driving field may lead to potential applications in designing a new kind of optical switching.