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Chinese Optics Letters

Polarization spectra of Rb atoms and their application in laser frequency stabilization

Kaijun Jiang, 王谨, 涂鲜花, 何明, 詹明生

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Polarization spectra of rubidium atoms were investigated with different uncrossed angles between thepolarizer and the analyzer. The variation of the spectra was derived theoretically as a function of arbitraryangle, and measured experimentally for different angles. The spectral profile of D2 line of rubidium wasfurther used to stabilize the frequency of a diode laser. It was demonstrated that the laser linewidth wasreduced to 2 MHz.

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Polarization spectra of Rb atoms and their application in laser frequency stabilization

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Polarization spectra of rubidium atoms were investigated with different uncrossed angles between the polarizer and the analyzer. The variation of the spectra was derived theoretically as a function of arbitrary angle, and measured experimentally for different angles. The spectral profile of D_(2) line of rubidium was further used to stabilize the frequency of a diode laser. It was demonstrated that the laser linewidth was reduced to 2 MHz.

Chinese Optics Letters•Jul 20, 2003•6 citations

Studies of rubidium number density and polarization using spectrally-broadened diode lasers

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We have made systematic studies of rubidium (Rb) number density and polarization with the purpose of comparing a variety of techniques used to make these measurements. We have used five different temperatures, 40°C to 100°C in 15° increments, to compare number density measurements made using optical absorption with those made using Faraday rotation. A diode laser operating in the region near the Rb D1 transition was used in the case of the former, while for the latter two different lasers were used, one each operating in the vicinity of the Rb D1 and D2 transitions. These number density results are compared with those obtained from vapor temperature formulae (e.g., Killian, CRC, etc.). We have also made a systematic study of Rb optical pumping using an amplified tunable diode laser which has been incrementally broadened in order to determine the effect of linewidth broadening on Rb polarization. We vary the frequency of the circularly-polarized pump laser across the D1 transition absorption profile for each of four linewidths (0.01, 0.5, 2, and 8 GHz) and measure the Rb polarization using Faraday rotation. The Rb number density for these measurements is on the order of 1012 cm−3, with 1 Torr of N2 as the buffer gas. These results are then compared with polarization measurements taken using a re-pump laser operating near the Rb D2 transition, and with theoretical calculations of the rubidium polarization.

•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations

Polarization rotation spectral profiles for the D2 line of 87 Rb atoms: theory and experiment

Geol Moon, Seung-Chul Yang, Jin‐Tae Kim +1 more

Abstract We present a theoretical and experimental study of the polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam scanning across all of the neighboring hyperfine levels ( F e = 1 and 2) with a circularly polarized pumping beam resonant on the F g = 2 → F e = 3 transition of the D2 line of 87 Rb atoms. The experimental results match well with the results calculated from the full-level density matrix equations considering laser phase noise, which hinders observations of narrow lines with linewidths of ∼90 kHz, as calculated in polarization rotation spectra for the first time.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Sep 23, 2019•4 citations

Optimization of polarization spectroscopy signal for laser-frequency stabilization

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Abstract We experimentally generate polarization spectroscopy (error) signals corresponding to the D2-line hyperfine transitions, F g = 2 → F e = 1 , 2 , 3 of 87Rb, and F g = 3 → F e = 2 , 3 , 4 of 85Rb, and show that the strongest error signals correspond to the closed hyperfine transitions (oscillator strength ∼ 0.7 ), F g = 2 → F e = 3 and F g = 3 → F e = 4 , respectively. We make the generated error signal robust to fluctuations in external parameters by finding optimum values for the vapor cell temperature and pump-probe intensities at two different beam diameters. We further employ these optimized error signals to directly (without the need for frequency/phase modulation) lock the laser frequency—reducing the rms drift/linewidth from ∼ 10 MHz to < 500 kHz, when measured over a ∼ 60 min duration. In addition, by comparing theoretically calculated and experimentally measured error signals for the pump intensities ranging from ∼ 0.1 I sat 0 − 10 I sat 0 (where, I sat 0 ∼ 1.6 mW cm−2 is the two-level saturation intensity for the Rb D2-line transitions), we discuss the applicability and limitations of existing numerical and analytical approaches based on a full multi-level rate equation model for polarization spectroscopy.

Journal of Optics•Aug 29, 2024•0 citations

Zeeman Spectra of the Cs-D2 Line

Isao Hirano

Abstract Zeeman spectra of the Cs- D 2 line are studied as a function of laser frequency for a static magnetic field. The spectral profiles change drastically with the angle between the plane of polarization of the incident, linearly-polarized laser beam and that of the analyzer. The theoretical spectra, allowing for polarizability, are in good agreement with the experimentally determined profiles for arbitrary angles.

•Oct 1, 1990•0 citations

Absolute active frequency locking of a diode laser with optical feedback generated by Doppler-free collinear polarization spectroscopy

Zi Dong Liu, Daniel Bloch, M. Ducloy

Absolute stabilization of the emission frequency of a laser diode can be achieved in a nearly all-optical scheme involving a resonant optical feedback from an atomic signal. We propose here two novel schemes of collinear Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy and report on preliminary experimental demonstrations of diode frequency locking performed on the D2 line of Rb.

Applied Physics Letters•Jul 18, 1994•7 citations
Polarization spectra of rubidium atoms were investigated with different uncrossed angles between thepolarizer and the analyzer. The variation of the spectra was derived theoretically as a function of arbitraryangle, and measured experimentally for different angles. The spectral profile of D2 line of rubidium wasfurther used to stabilize the frequency of a diode laser. It was demonstrated that the laser linewidth wasreduced to 2 MHz.
We have made systematic studies of rubidium (Rb) number density and polarization with the purpose of comparing a variety of techniques used to make these measurements. We have used five different temperatures, 40°C to 100°C in 15° increments, to compare number density measurements made using optical absorption with those made using Faraday rotation. A diode laser operating in the region near the Rb D1 transition was used in the case of the former, while for the latter two different lasers were used, one each operating in the vicinity of the Rb D1 and D2 transitions. These number density results are compared with those obtained from vapor temperature formulae (e.g., Killian, CRC, etc.). We have also made a systematic study of Rb optical pumping using an amplified tunable diode laser which has been incrementally broadened in order to determine the effect of linewidth broadening on Rb polarization. We vary the frequency of the circularly-polarized pump laser across the D1 transition absorption profile for each of four linewidths (0.01, 0.5, 2, and 8 GHz) and measure the Rb polarization using Faraday rotation. The Rb number density for these measurements is on the order of 1012 cm−3, with 1 Torr of N2 as the buffer gas. These results are then compared with polarization measurements taken using a re-pump laser operating near the Rb D2 transition, and with theoretical calculations of the rubidium polarization.
Abstract We present a theoretical and experimental study of the polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam scanning across all of the neighboring hyperfine levels ( F e = 1 and 2) with a circularly polarized pumping beam resonant on the F g = 2 → F e = 3 transition of the D2 line of 87 Rb atoms. The experimental results match well with the results calculated from the full-level density matrix equations considering laser phase noise, which hinders observations of narrow lines with linewidths of ∼90 kHz, as calculated in polarization rotation spectra for the first time.
Abstract We experimentally generate polarization spectroscopy (error) signals corresponding to the D2-line hyperfine transitions, F g = 2 → F e = 1 , 2 , 3 of 87Rb, and F g = 3 → F e = 2 , 3 , 4 of 85Rb, and show that the strongest error signals correspond to the closed hyperfine transitions (oscillator strength ∼ 0.7 ), F g = 2 → F e = 3 and F g = 3 → F e = 4 , respectively. We make the generated error signal robust to fluctuations in external parameters by finding optimum values for the vapor cell temperature and pump-probe intensities at two different beam diameters. We further employ these optimized error signals to directly (without the need for frequency/phase modulation) lock the laser frequency—reducing the rms drift/linewidth from ∼ 10 MHz to < 500 kHz, when measured over a ∼ 60 min duration. In addition, by comparing theoretically calculated and experimentally measured error signals for the pump intensities ranging from ∼ 0.1 I sat 0 − 10 I sat 0 (where, I sat 0 ∼ 1.6 mW cm−2 is the two-level saturation intensity for the Rb D2-line transitions), we discuss the applicability and limitations of existing numerical and analytical approaches based on a full multi-level rate equation model for polarization spectroscopy.