Physical Review A

Lifetime measurements of cesium 5d2D5/2,3/2 and 11s2S1/2 states using pulsed-laser excitation

Diana DiBerardino, Carol E. Tanner, A. Sieradzan

Published Jun 1, 1998• 30 citations

Abstract

We report measurements of the $5d{}^{2}{D}_{5/2},$ $5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2},$ and $11s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}$ state lifetimes in the ${}^{133}$Cs atom to be 1281(9), 909(15), and 351(4) ns, respectively. A pulsed-dye laser selectively excites atomic Cs from the ground state, via a single-photon quadrupole transition, to the $5d$ states and, via a two-photon electric dipole transition, to the $11s$ state. A spectrometer-photomultiplier system detects the fluorescence from the decay of interest and a digitizing oscilloscope records the direct output of the photomultiplier. The data are fit to an exponential function to yield a value for the mean lifetime of the selected state.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.57.4204

Related papers

Lifetime measurement of the cesium 5D5/22 state

Sebastian Pucher, Philipp Schneeweiß, Arno Rauschenbeutel +1 more

arXiv:1912.10089Physical Review AApr 27, 202018 citations

Measurement of the lifetime of the atomic cesium 5^2D_5/2 state with diode-laser excitation

Barbara M. Hoeling, Jeng-Rong Yeh, T. Takekoshi +1 more

The lifetime of the atomic cesium 5(2)D(5/2) state was measured with time-correlated single-photon counting spectroscopy. Ground-state cesium atoms were excited with a diode laser by use of an electric quadrupole transition. Analysis of the exponential decay of the cascade photons from the 6(2)P(3/2) state yields a 5(2)D(5/2) lifetime of 1225(12) ns.

Optics LettersJan 1, 199626 citations

Radiative lifetimes, collisional mixing, and quenching of the cesium 5DJ levels

Antonio Sasso, Wolfgang Demtröder, T. Colbert +3 more

Physical Review AFeb 1, 199223 citations

Lifetime measurements of the 5d states of rubidium

D. Sheng, A. Pérez Galván, Luis A. Orozco

arXiv:0811.4010Physical Review ADec 15, 200874 citations

Lifetime measurements of the 7D levels of atomic francium

Joshua M. Grossman, R. Fliller, Luis A. Orozco +2 more

Physical Review AOct 30, 200057 citations

Excitation-transfer collisions in cesium vapor: Cs(5 D5/2 )+Cs(6 S1/2 )→Cs (5 D3/2 )+ Cs(6 S1/2 )

B. Keramati, Mark F. Masters, John Huennekens

Physical Review ANov 1, 198810 citations

Physical Review A

Lifetime measurements of cesium 5d2D5/2,3/2 and 11s2S1/2 states using pulsed-laser excitation

Diana DiBerardino, Carol E. Tanner, A. Sieradzan

Published Jun 1, 1998• 30 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We report measurements of the

5d{}^{2}{D}_{5/2},

5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2},

and

11s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}

state lifetimes in the

{}^{133}

Cs atom to be 1281(9), 909(15), and 351(4) ns, respectively. A pulsed-dye laser selectively excites atomic Cs from the ground state, via a single-photon quadrupole transition, to the

5d

states and, via a two-photon electric dipole transition, to the

11s

state. A spectrometer-photomultiplier system detects the fluorescence from the decay of interest and a digitizing oscilloscope records the direct output of the photomultiplier. The data are fit to an exponential function to yield a value for the mean lifetime of the selected state.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.57.4204

Related papers

Lifetime measurement of the cesium 5D5/22 state

Sebastian Pucher, Philipp Schneeweiß, Arno Rauschenbeutel +1 more

We measure the lifetime of the cesium $5^{2}D_{5/2}$ state using a time-resolved single-photon-counting method. We excite atoms in a hot vapor cell via an electric quadrupole transition at a wavelength of 685 nm and record the fluorescence of a cascade decay at a wavelength of 852 nm. We extract a lifetime of $1353(5)$ ns for the $5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ state, in agreement with a recent theoretical prediction. In particular, the observed lifetime is consistent with the literature values of the polarizabilities of the cesium $6P$ states. Our measurement contributes to resolving a long-standing disagreement between a number of experimental and theoretical results.We measure the lifetime of the cesium $5^{2}D_{5/2}$ state using a time-resolved single-photon-counting method. We excite atoms in a hot vapor cell via an electric quadrupole transition at a wavelength of 685 nm and record the fluorescence of a cascade decay at a wavelength of 852 nm. We extract a lifetime of $1353(5)$ ns for the $5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ state, in agreement with a recent theoretical prediction. In particular, the observed lifetime is consistent with the literature values of the polarizabilities of the cesium $6P$ states. Our measurement contributes to resolving a long-standing disagreement between a number of experimental and theoretical results.

arXiv:1912.10089Physical Review AApr 27, 202018 citations

Measurement of the lifetime of the atomic cesium 5^2D_5/2 state with diode-laser excitation

Barbara M. Hoeling, Jeng-Rong Yeh, T. Takekoshi +1 more

Optics LettersJan 1, 199626 citations

Radiative lifetimes, collisional mixing, and quenching of the cesium 5DJ levels

Antonio Sasso, Wolfgang Demtröder, T. Colbert +3 more

We report the results of a series of pulsed and cw laser experiments which measure spontaneous and effective lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels and investigate excitation-transfer collisions involving Cs(5DJ) atoms and ground-state-cesium perturbers. With cw excitation of the dipole-forbidden but electric-quadrupole-allowed 6S1/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5D5/2 transition, we monitor the ratio of sensitized to direct fluorescence, i.e., I5D3/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P1/2/I5D5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P3/2. A rate-equation analysis of these data yields values for the Cs(5D5/2)+Cs(6S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Cs(5D3/2)+Cs(6S) excitation-transfer rate, and for the rate of quenching of Cs(5D) by ground-state perturbers. The role of out-of-multiplet quenching is discussed at length, and we have demonstrated that quenching by ground-state atoms dominates over that by cesium dimers under these conditions. In the pulsed-laser experiments, the temporal evolution of the 5DJ\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S and cascade 6PJ\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S fluorescence was observed following either direct forbidden-line pumping of one fine-structure level, or indirect excitation of both fine-structure levels (i.e., molecular excitation followed by predissociation). Analysis of the buildup and decay rates of the various levels as a function of cesium density yields values for the natural lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels, as well as for the excitation transfer and quenching rates. Best values for the lifetimes and cross sections for Cs-Cs collisions obtained from these combined experiments are \ensuremath{\tau}5D=1250\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}115 ns, \ensuremath{\sigma}5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3/2=36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 \AA{}2, and \ensuremath{\sigma}5D=30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 \AA{}2. In addition, numbers for the 6P level-quenching cross sections due to collisions with Cs atoms and Cs2 molecules, respectively, were obtained: \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs)=6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0 \AA{}2 and \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs2)=863\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}260 \AA{}2. In the discussion, we show how these new values can be used to reconcile the seemingly discrepant results of several previous studies.We report the results of a series of pulsed and cw laser experiments which measure spontaneous and effective lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels and investigate excitation-transfer collisions involving Cs(5DJ) atoms and ground-state-cesium perturbers. With cw excitation of the dipole-forbidden but electric-quadrupole-allowed 6S1/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5D5/2 transition, we monitor the ratio of sensitized to direct fluorescence, i.e., I5D3/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P1/2/I5D5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P3/2. A rate-equation analysis of these data yields values for the Cs(5D5/2)+Cs(6S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Cs(5D3/2)+Cs(6S) excitation-transfer rate, and for the rate of quenching of Cs(5D) by ground-state perturbers. The role of out-of-multiplet quenching is discussed at length, and we have demonstrated that quenching by ground-state atoms dominates over that by cesium dimers under these conditions. In the pulsed-laser experiments, the temporal evolution of the 5DJ\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S and cascade 6PJ\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S fluorescence was observed following either direct forbidden-line pumping of one fine-structure level, or indirect excitation of both fine-structure levels (i.e., molecular excitation followed by predissociation). Analysis of the buildup and decay rates of the various levels as a function of cesium density yields values for the natural lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels, as well as for the excitation transfer and quenching rates. Best values for the lifetimes and cross sections for Cs-Cs collisions obtained from these combined experiments are \ensuremath{\tau}5D=1250\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}115 ns, \ensuremath{\sigma}5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3/2=36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 \AA{}2, and \ensuremath{\sigma}5D=30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 \AA{}2. In addition, numbers for the 6P level-quenching cross sections due to collisions with Cs atoms and Cs2 molecules, respectively, were obtained: \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs)=6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0 \AA{}2 and \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs2)=863\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}260 \AA{}2. In the discussion, we show how these new values can be used to reconcile the seemingly discrepant results of several previous studies.

Physical Review AFeb 1, 199223 citations

Lifetime measurements of the 5d states of rubidium

D. Sheng, A. Pérez Galván, Luis A. Orozco

We present lifetime measurements of the $5{D}_{3∕2}$ and $5{D}_{5∕2}$ states of rubidium using the time-correlated single-photon-counting method. We perform the experiment in a magneto-optical trap of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms using a two-step excitation with the trap laser at $780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ as the first step. We record the $761.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ fluorescence from the decay of the $5{D}_{3∕2}$ state to the $5{P}_{1∕2}$ state, and measure the lifetime of the $5{D}_{3∕2}$ state $\ensuremath{\tau}=246.3(1.6)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We record the $420.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ fluorescence from the cascade decay of the $5{D}_{5∕2}$ state to the $5{S}_{1∕2}$ state through the $6{P}_{3∕2}$ state, and extract the lifetime of the $5{D}_{5∕2}$ state $\ensuremath{\tau}=238.5(2.3)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$.We present lifetime measurements of the $5{D}_{3∕2}$ and $5{D}_{5∕2}$ states of rubidium using the time-correlated single-photon-counting method. We perform the experiment in a magneto-optical trap of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms using a two-step excitation with the trap laser at $780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ as the first step. We record the $761.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ fluorescence from the decay of the $5{D}_{3∕2}$ state to the $5{P}_{1∕2}$ state, and measure the lifetime of the $5{D}_{3∕2}$ state $\ensuremath{\tau}=246.3(1.6)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We record the $420.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ fluorescence from the cascade decay of the $5{D}_{5∕2}$ state to the $5{S}_{1∕2}$ state through the $6{P}_{3∕2}$ state, and extract the lifetime of the $5{D}_{5∕2}$ state $\ensuremath{\tau}=238.5(2.3)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$.

arXiv:0811.4010Physical Review ADec 15, 200874 citations

Lifetime measurements of the 7D levels of atomic francium

Joshua M. Grossman, R. Fliller, Luis A. Orozco +2 more

We present lifetime measurements of the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels of Fr. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on a sample of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the $7D$ states. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of the atomic fluorescence. Our measurements help extend the knowledge of this class of atomic wave functions in which correlation effects are very significant. We measure lifetimes of $73.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{ns}$ and $67.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9 \mathrm{ns}$ for the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels, respectively.We present lifetime measurements of the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels of Fr. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on a sample of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the ${7P}_{3/2}$ trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the $7D$ states. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of the atomic fluorescence. Our measurements help extend the knowledge of this class of atomic wave functions in which correlation effects are very significant. We measure lifetimes of $73.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{ns}$ and $67.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9 \mathrm{ns}$ for the ${7D}_{3/2}$ and ${7D}_{5/2}$ levels, respectively.

Physical Review AOct 30, 200057 citations

Excitation-transfer collisions in cesium vapor: Cs(5 D5/2 )+Cs(6 S1/2 )→Cs (5 D3/2 )+ Cs(6 S1/2 )

B. Keramati, Mark F. Masters, John Huennekens

We report an experimental investigation of the excitation-transfer collision Cs(5 ${D}_{5/2}$ )+Cs(6S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}CS ((5 ${D}_{3/2}$ )+Cs(6S). The upper 5 ${D}_{5/2}$ state was excited by a cw dye laser tuned to the one-photon, quadrupole-allowed 6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5 ${D}_{5/2}$ transition. Since the direct 5D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P fluorescence could not be detected with our apparatus, we monitored instead the cascade 6P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S fluorescence. The ratio of 6 ${P}_{1/2}$ to 6 ${P}_{3/2}$ fluorescence contains information on the collisional mixing that takes place in the 5D levels but also includes a significant contribution from mixing in the 6P levels. This latter contribution could effectively be subtracted out using the results of a second experiment in which a tunable cw diode laser was used to pump the 6 ${P}_{3/2}$ state, and the same fluorescence ratio monitored. The 5D mixing cross section we obtain, 70 A ${\r{}}^{2}$ , is significantly larger than previous indirect determinations.We report an experimental investigation of the excitation-transfer collision Cs(5${D}_{5/2}$)+Cs(6S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}CS ((5${D}_{3/2}$)+Cs(6S). The upper 5${D}_{5/2}$ state was excited by a cw dye laser tuned to the one-photon, quadrupole-allowed 6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5${D}_{5/2}$ transition. Since the direct 5D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P fluorescence could not be detected with our apparatus, we monitored instead the cascade 6P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S fluorescence. The ratio of 6${P}_{1/2}$ to 6${P}_{3/2}$ fluorescence contains information on the collisional mixing that takes place in the 5D levels but also includes a significant contribution from mixing in the 6P levels. This latter contribution could effectively be subtracted out using the results of a second experiment in which a tunable cw diode laser was used to pump the 6${P}_{3/2}$ state, and the same fluorescence ratio monitored. The 5D mixing cross section we obtain, 70 A${\r{}}^{2}$, is significantly larger than previous indirect determinations.

Physical Review ANov 1, 198810 citations

We report measurements of the

5d{}^{2}{D}_{5/2},

5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2},

and

11s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}

state lifetimes in the

{}^{133}

Cs atom to be 1281(9), 909(15), and 351(4) ns, respectively. A pulsed-dye laser selectively excites atomic Cs from the ground state, via a single-photon quadrupole transition, to the

5d

states and, via a two-photon electric dipole transition, to the

11s

We measure the lifetime of the cesium

5^{2}D_{5/2}

state using a time-resolved single-photon-counting method. We excite atoms in a hot vapor cell via an electric quadrupole transition at a wavelength of 685 nm and record the fluorescence of a cascade decay at a wavelength of 852 nm. We extract a lifetime of

1353(5)

ns for the

5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}

state, in agreement with a recent theoretical prediction. In particular, the observed lifetime is consistent with the literature values of the polarizabilities of the cesium

6P

states. Our measurement contributes to resolving a long-standing disagreement between a number of experimental and theoretical results.

We present lifetime measurements of the

5{D}_{3∕2}

and

5{D}_{5∕2}

states of rubidium using the time-correlated single-photon-counting method. We perform the experiment in a magneto-optical trap of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

atoms using a two-step excitation with the trap laser at

780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}

as the first step. We record the

761.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}

fluorescence from the decay of the

5{D}_{3∕2}

state to the

5{P}_{1∕2}

state, and measure the lifetime of the

5{D}_{3∕2}

state $\ensuremath{\tau}=246.3(1.6)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We record the

420.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}

fluorescence from the cascade decay of the

5{D}_{5∕2}

state to the

5{S}_{1∕2}

state through the

6{P}_{3∕2}

state, and extract the lifetime of the

5{D}_{5∕2}

state $\ensuremath{\tau}=238.5(2.3)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$.

We present lifetime measurements of the

{7D}_{3/2}

and

{7D}_{5/2}

levels of Fr. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on a sample of

{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}

atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The upper state of the

{7P}_{3/2}

trapping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of the

7D

states. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of the atomic fluorescence. Our measurements help extend the knowledge of this class of atomic wave functions in which correlation effects are very significant. We measure lifetimes of $73.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{ns}$ and $67.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9 \mathrm{ns}$ for the

{7D}_{3/2}

and

{7D}_{5/2}

levels, respectively.

We report an experimental investigation of the excitation-transfer collision Cs(5

{D}_{5/2}

)+Cs(6S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}CS ((5

{D}_{3/2}

)+Cs(6S). The upper 5

{D}_{5/2}

state was excited by a cw dye laser tuned to the one-photon, quadrupole-allowed 6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5

{D}_{5/2}

transition. Since the direct 5D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P fluorescence could not be detected with our apparatus, we monitored instead the cascade 6P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S fluorescence. The ratio of 6

{P}_{1/2}

to 6

{P}_{3/2}

fluorescence contains information on the collisional mixing that takes place in the 5D levels but also includes a significant contribution from mixing in the 6P levels. This latter contribution could effectively be subtracted out using the results of a second experiment in which a tunable cw diode laser was used to pump the 6

{P}_{3/2}

state, and the same fluorescence ratio monitored. The 5D mixing cross section we obtain, 70 A

{\r{}}^{2}

, is significantly larger than previous indirect determinations.