Optics Letters

Measurement of the lifetime of the atomic cesium 5^2D_5/2 state with diode-laser excitation

Barbara M. Hoeling, Jeng-Rong Yeh, T. Takekoshi, R. J. Knize

Published Jan 1, 1996• 26 citations

Abstract

The lifetime of the atomic cesium 5(2)D(5/2) state was measured with time-correlated single-photon counting spectroscopy. Ground-state cesium atoms were excited with a diode laser by use of an electric quadrupole transition. Analysis of the exponential decay of the cascade photons from the 6(2)P(3/2) state yields a 5(2)D(5/2) lifetime of 1225(12) ns.

DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.000074

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The Lifetimes of the 72P1/2 and 72P3/2 States of Cesium

Paul W. Pace, J. B. Atkinson

The lifetimes of the 72P3/2 and 72P1/2 states of atomic cesium have been determined using delayed coincidence techniques. A nitrogen laser pumped tunable dye laser was used to excite the cesium vapor and direct measurements of the fluorescence decay yielded the following lifetimes: τ3/2(72P3/2) = 136 ± 4 ns and τ1/2(72P1/2) = 158 ± 5 ns. These values are in good agreement with recent measurements and calculations.

Canadian Journal of PhysicsMay 15, 197517 citations

Optics Letters

Measurement of the lifetime of the atomic cesium 5^2D_5/2 state with diode-laser excitation

Barbara M. Hoeling, Jeng-Rong Yeh, T. Takekoshi, R. J. Knize

Published Jan 1, 1996• 26 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.000074

Related papers

Lifetime measurements of cesium 5d2D5/2,3/2 and 11s2S1/2 states using pulsed-laser excitation

Diana DiBerardino, Carol E. Tanner, A. Sieradzan

We report measurements of the $5d{}^{2}{D}_{5/2},$ $5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2},$ and $11s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}$ state lifetimes in the ${}^{133}$ Cs atom to be 1281(9), 909(15), and 351(4) ns, respectively. A pulsed-dye laser selectively excites atomic Cs from the ground state, via a single-photon quadrupole transition, to the $5d$ states and, via a two-photon electric dipole transition, to the $11s$ state. A spectrometer-photomultiplier system detects the fluorescence from the decay of interest and a digitizing oscilloscope records the direct output of the photomultiplier. The data are fit to an exponential function to yield a value for the mean lifetime of the selected state.We report measurements of the $5d{}^{2}{D}_{5/2},$ $5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2},$ and $11s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}$ state lifetimes in the ${}^{133}$Cs atom to be 1281(9), 909(15), and 351(4) ns, respectively. A pulsed-dye laser selectively excites atomic Cs from the ground state, via a single-photon quadrupole transition, to the $5d$ states and, via a two-photon electric dipole transition, to the $11s$ state. A spectrometer-photomultiplier system detects the fluorescence from the decay of interest and a digitizing oscilloscope records the direct output of the photomultiplier. The data are fit to an exponential function to yield a value for the mean lifetime of the selected state.

Physical Review AJun 1, 199830 citations

Lifetime measurement of the cesium 5D5/22 state

Sebastian Pucher, Philipp Schneeweiß, Arno Rauschenbeutel +1 more

We measure the lifetime of the cesium $5^{2}D_{5/2}$ state using a time-resolved single-photon-counting method. We excite atoms in a hot vapor cell via an electric quadrupole transition at a wavelength of 685 nm and record the fluorescence of a cascade decay at a wavelength of 852 nm. We extract a lifetime of $1353(5)$ ns for the $5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ state, in agreement with a recent theoretical prediction. In particular, the observed lifetime is consistent with the literature values of the polarizabilities of the cesium $6P$ states. Our measurement contributes to resolving a long-standing disagreement between a number of experimental and theoretical results.We measure the lifetime of the cesium $5^{2}D_{5/2}$ state using a time-resolved single-photon-counting method. We excite atoms in a hot vapor cell via an electric quadrupole transition at a wavelength of 685 nm and record the fluorescence of a cascade decay at a wavelength of 852 nm. We extract a lifetime of $1353(5)$ ns for the $5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ state, in agreement with a recent theoretical prediction. In particular, the observed lifetime is consistent with the literature values of the polarizabilities of the cesium $6P$ states. Our measurement contributes to resolving a long-standing disagreement between a number of experimental and theoretical results.

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Fast-beam laser lifetime measurements of the cesium 6p2P1/2,3/2 states

Robert J. Rafac, Carol E. Tanner, A. E. Livingston +1 more

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Lifetime measurement of the 5 s 5 p 1 P 1 state in strontium

Ivana Puljić, A. Cipris, Damir Aumiler +2 more

We present a direct lifetime measurement of the $5s5p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ state of strontium using time-correlated single-photon counting of laser-induced fluorescence in a hot atomic beam. To achieve fast switch-off times and a high signal-to-noise ratio, we excite the strontium atoms with a femtosecond pulsed laser at approximately 461 nm and collect the fluorescence onto a hybrid single-photon detector. Analysis of the measured exponential decay gives a lifetime of the ${}^{1}{P}_{1}$ state of $\ensuremath{\tau}=(5.216\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.{006}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.{013}_{\text{sys}})$ ns, where all the systematic effects have been thoroughly considered.We present a direct lifetime measurement of the $5s5p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ state of strontium using time-correlated single-photon counting of laser-induced fluorescence in a hot atomic beam. To achieve fast switch-off times and a high signal-to-noise ratio, we excite the strontium atoms with a femtosecond pulsed laser at approximately 461 nm and collect the fluorescence onto a hybrid single-photon detector. Analysis of the measured exponential decay gives a lifetime of the ${}^{1}{P}_{1}$ state of $\ensuremath{\tau}=(5.216\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.{006}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.{013}_{\text{sys}})$ ns, where all the systematic effects have been thoroughly considered.

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Radiative lifetimes, collisional mixing, and quenching of the cesium 5DJ levels

Antonio Sasso, Wolfgang Demtröder, T. Colbert +3 more

We report the results of a series of pulsed and cw laser experiments which measure spontaneous and effective lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels and investigate excitation-transfer collisions involving Cs(5DJ) atoms and ground-state-cesium perturbers. With cw excitation of the dipole-forbidden but electric-quadrupole-allowed 6S1/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5D5/2 transition, we monitor the ratio of sensitized to direct fluorescence, i.e., I5D3/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P1/2/I5D5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P3/2. A rate-equation analysis of these data yields values for the Cs(5D5/2)+Cs(6S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Cs(5D3/2)+Cs(6S) excitation-transfer rate, and for the rate of quenching of Cs(5D) by ground-state perturbers. The role of out-of-multiplet quenching is discussed at length, and we have demonstrated that quenching by ground-state atoms dominates over that by cesium dimers under these conditions. In the pulsed-laser experiments, the temporal evolution of the 5DJ\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S and cascade 6PJ\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S fluorescence was observed following either direct forbidden-line pumping of one fine-structure level, or indirect excitation of both fine-structure levels (i.e., molecular excitation followed by predissociation). Analysis of the buildup and decay rates of the various levels as a function of cesium density yields values for the natural lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels, as well as for the excitation transfer and quenching rates. Best values for the lifetimes and cross sections for Cs-Cs collisions obtained from these combined experiments are \ensuremath{\tau}5D=1250\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}115 ns, \ensuremath{\sigma}5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3/2=36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 \AA{}2, and \ensuremath{\sigma}5D=30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 \AA{}2. In addition, numbers for the 6P level-quenching cross sections due to collisions with Cs atoms and Cs2 molecules, respectively, were obtained: \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs)=6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0 \AA{}2 and \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs2)=863\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}260 \AA{}2. In the discussion, we show how these new values can be used to reconcile the seemingly discrepant results of several previous studies.We report the results of a series of pulsed and cw laser experiments which measure spontaneous and effective lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels and investigate excitation-transfer collisions involving Cs(5DJ) atoms and ground-state-cesium perturbers. With cw excitation of the dipole-forbidden but electric-quadrupole-allowed 6S1/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5D5/2 transition, we monitor the ratio of sensitized to direct fluorescence, i.e., I5D3/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P1/2/I5D5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P3/2. A rate-equation analysis of these data yields values for the Cs(5D5/2)+Cs(6S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Cs(5D3/2)+Cs(6S) excitation-transfer rate, and for the rate of quenching of Cs(5D) by ground-state perturbers. The role of out-of-multiplet quenching is discussed at length, and we have demonstrated that quenching by ground-state atoms dominates over that by cesium dimers under these conditions. In the pulsed-laser experiments, the temporal evolution of the 5DJ\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S and cascade 6PJ\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6S fluorescence was observed following either direct forbidden-line pumping of one fine-structure level, or indirect excitation of both fine-structure levels (i.e., molecular excitation followed by predissociation). Analysis of the buildup and decay rates of the various levels as a function of cesium density yields values for the natural lifetimes of the Cs(5DJ) levels, as well as for the excitation transfer and quenching rates. Best values for the lifetimes and cross sections for Cs-Cs collisions obtained from these combined experiments are \ensuremath{\tau}5D=1250\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}115 ns, \ensuremath{\sigma}5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3/2=36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 \AA{}2, and \ensuremath{\sigma}5D=30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 \AA{}2. In addition, numbers for the 6P level-quenching cross sections due to collisions with Cs atoms and Cs2 molecules, respectively, were obtained: \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs)=6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0 \AA{}2 and \ensuremath{\sigma}6P(Cs2)=863\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}260 \AA{}2. In the discussion, we show how these new values can be used to reconcile the seemingly discrepant results of several previous studies.

Physical Review AFeb 1, 199223 citations

The Lifetimes of the 72P1/2 and 72P3/2 States of Cesium

Paul W. Pace, J. B. Atkinson

Canadian Journal of PhysicsMay 15, 197517 citations

We report measurements of the

5d{}^{2}{D}_{5/2},

5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2},

and

11s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}

state lifetimes in the

{}^{133}

Cs atom to be 1281(9), 909(15), and 351(4) ns, respectively. A pulsed-dye laser selectively excites atomic Cs from the ground state, via a single-photon quadrupole transition, to the

5d

states and, via a two-photon electric dipole transition, to the

11s

state. A spectrometer-photomultiplier system detects the fluorescence from the decay of interest and a digitizing oscilloscope records the direct output of the photomultiplier. The data are fit to an exponential function to yield a value for the mean lifetime of the selected state.

We measure the lifetime of the cesium

5^{2}D_{5/2}

state using a time-resolved single-photon-counting method. We excite atoms in a hot vapor cell via an electric quadrupole transition at a wavelength of 685 nm and record the fluorescence of a cascade decay at a wavelength of 852 nm. We extract a lifetime of

1353(5)

ns for the

5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}

state, in agreement with a recent theoretical prediction. In particular, the observed lifetime is consistent with the literature values of the polarizabilities of the cesium

6P

states. Our measurement contributes to resolving a long-standing disagreement between a number of experimental and theoretical results.

We provide a detailed description of our fast-beam laser lifetime measurements in atomic cesium. Selective excitation of the neutral

{}^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

6p{}^{2}{P}_{1/2}

and

6p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}

states is accomplished with resonant diode laser light directed transversely to the atomic velocity. The in-flight decay of the excited-state fluorescence is observed with a position-correlated single photon-counting detector. The Doppler-shifted

6p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}

resonance, when probed with longitudinally propagating laser radiation, provides a precise means for determination of the beam velocity, and converts the position scale to a time scale. Our lifetime results are $35.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 \mathrm{ns}$ for the

6p{}^{2}{P}_{1/2}

state and $30.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 \mathrm{ns}$ for the

6p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}

state. These results represent a data set larger than in our previous work, and include beam divergence corrections which have been evaluated by two different methods. We present comparisons of our results with previous measurements and with relativistic many-body calculations of atomic transition matrix elements in this neutral alkali system.

We present a direct lifetime measurement of the

5s5p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{P}_{1}

state of strontium using time-correlated single-photon counting of laser-induced fluorescence in a hot atomic beam. To achieve fast switch-off times and a high signal-to-noise ratio, we excite the strontium atoms with a femtosecond pulsed laser at approximately 461 nm and collect the fluorescence onto a hybrid single-photon detector. Analysis of the measured exponential decay gives a lifetime of the

{}^{1}{P}_{1}

state of $\ensuremath{\tau}=(5.216\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.{006}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.{013}_{\text{sys}})$ ns, where all the systematic effects have been thoroughly considered.