We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field along orthogonal axes and subsequent demodulation of the magnetic-resonance frequency. This modulation is provided by the ac Stark shift induced by circularly polarized laser beams. The sensor exhibits a demonstrated rms noise floor of $\ensuremath{\sim}65\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ in measurement of the field magnitude and $0.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mrad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to $12\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ and $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{rad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, respectively. Applications for this all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron.We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field along orthogonal axes and subsequent demodulation of the magnetic-resonance frequency. This modulation is provided by the ac Stark shift induced by circularly polarized laser beams. The sensor exhibits a demonstrated rms noise floor of $\ensuremath{\sim}65\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ in measurement of the field magnitude and $0.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mrad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to $12\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ and $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{rad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, respectively. Applications for this all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron.

arXiv:1403.7545Physical Review LettersJul 1, 2014186 citations

All-optical vector atomic magnetometer

E. Zhivun, Brian Patton, Chris Hovde +1 more

We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field along orthogonal axes and subsequent demodulation of the magnetic-resonance frequency. This modulation is provided by the AC Stark shift induced by circularly polarized laser beams. The sensor exhibits a demonstrated rms noise floor of 50 fT/ √ Hz in measurement of the field magnitude and 0.5 mrad/ √ Hz in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to 12 fT/ √ Hz and 5 μrad/ √ Hz, respectively. Applications for a precise all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron.We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field along orthogonal axes and subsequent demodulation of the magnetic-resonance frequency. This modulation is provided by the AC Stark shift induced by circularly polarized laser beams. The sensor exhibits a demonstrated rms noise floor of 50 fT/ √ Hz in measurement of the field magnitude and 0.5 mrad/ √ Hz in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to 12 fT/ √ Hz and 5 μrad/ √ Hz, respectively. Applications for a precise all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron.

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 5, 201421 citations

Towards a compact accurate vector-scalar atomic magnetometer

Juniper W. Pollock, Svenja A. Knappe

Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology IIMar 13, 20240 citations

Multichannel optical atomic magnetometer operating in unshielded environment

G. Bevilacqua, V. Biancalana, P. Chessa +1 more

arXiv:1601.06938Applied Physics BApr 1, 201658 citations

Optical resonant measurement applied in magnetic field sensor

Qiang Huang, Bo Lang, Xiaofu He +3 more

Magnetic phenomenon is one of the earliest physical phenomena realized by human. The technology of high sensitivity magnetic field measurement has been used in many applications such as geophysical prospection, aerospace engineering, earth-magnetism navigation, biomedicine, fundamental physics, and so on. With the development of laser technology, the study of atomic magnetometer makes great progresses for the past few decades. This paper reports a magnetic field sensor with optical resonant measurement. Experiments have demonstrated the scalar component of the magnetic field with the resonant precession frequency of the coherent atoms and the vector component with the Lock-in Amplifier (LIA) phase shift on the field angle.Magnetic phenomenon is one of the earliest physical phenomena realized by human. The technology of high sensitivity magnetic field measurement has been used in many applications such as geophysical prospection, aerospace engineering, earth-magnetism navigation, biomedicine, fundamental physics, and so on. With the development of laser technology, the study of atomic magnetometer makes great progresses for the past few decades. This paper reports a magnetic field sensor with optical resonant measurement. Experiments have demonstrated the scalar component of the magnetic field with the resonant precession frequency of the coherent atoms and the vector component with the Lock-in Amplifier (LIA) phase shift on the field angle.

International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and ApplicationDec 4, 20200 citations

0.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mrad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}

in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to

12\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}

and $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{rad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, respectively. Applications for this all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron.