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Acta Physica Sinica

Generation of two-photon entangled states through a cascaded nonlinear optical process in a quasiperiodic optical superlattice

Ji Ling-Ling, Ling-An Wu, 中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放实验室，北京 100080

Published Jan 1, 2005• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The search for new methods to produce entangled photons is a subject of great interest in quantum optics. We show theoretically that two_photon entangled states may be generated through a cascaded nonlinear optical process in a quasiperiodic optical superlattice. When an idler photon ωi produced from spontaneous parametric down conversion (ωp=ωs+ωi) combines with a pum p photon to produce a sum frequency photon ωb(ωb=ωi+ω p), the latter is entangled with the remaining signal photon ωi. Both a pulsed and a cw 532nm laser have been used to pump a quasi_phase matched LiTaO 3 crystal to generate simultaneously 630nm signal photons through parametric d own conversion and 460nm sum frequency photons. The advantage of this method is that entangled photons of short wavelength may be produced.

DOI
10.7498/aps.54.736

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The search for new methods to produce entangled photons is a subject of great interest in quantum optics. We show theoretically that two_photon entangled states may be generated through a cascaded nonlinear optical process in a quasiperiodic optical superlattice. When an idler photon ωi produced from spontaneous parametric down conversion (ωp=ωs+ωi) combines with a pum p photon to produce a sum frequency photon ωb(ωb=ωi+ω p), the latter is entangled with the remaining signal photon ωi. Both a pulsed and a cw 532nm laser have been used to pump a quasi_phase matched LiTaO 3 crystal to generate simultaneously 630nm signal photons through parametric d own conversion and 460nm sum frequency photons. The advantage of this method is that entangled photons of short wavelength may be produced.
The three-color continuous-variable entanglement directly produced by a cascaded nonlinear process in an optical superlattice was investigated theoretically. This cascaded nonlinear process can be realized by using quasi-phase-matching technique in a quasiperiodic superlattice. In the first step, signal- and idle-beams can be generated by a parametric down-conversion. Then, the third beam can be obtained through sum-frequency of idle and pump. The degree of quadrature phase amplitude correlations between the three modes was discussed by a sufficient inseparability criterion with a single inequality for continuous-variable entanglement.
We investigate production of three-photon and four-photon states in cascaded parametric processes of photon splitting and summing in χ (2)nonlinear media, under action of pump field. Generation of photon triplets using simultaneously phase matched three-photon processes: ω0↔ω1+ω2 , ω2↔ω1+ω1 , is considered in dual-grating layered structure that involves nonlinear and linear segments. The production of heralded two-photon entangled states from three-photon states is analyzed for this configuration by using the method of conditional detection of auxiliary photons. Cascaded four-photon downconversion based on simultaneously phase matched three-photon processes: ω0↔ω2 +ω2 , ω2↔ω1+ω1 is arranged for phase-reversed configuration. The effects of correlation between photons in both three-photon and four-photon states is analyzed in the regimes of amplification of corresponding modes at the frequency of three-photon downconversion ω1 = ω0/3 and the frequency of four-photon down-conversion ω1 = ω0/4respectively for both cascaded systems.
The generation of three-mode continuous-variable entanglement in a quasiperiodically optical superlattice is studied theoretically in this paper. This work is based on the previous experiment result in which three-color light generated from a quasiperiodically optical superlattice through a stimulated parametric down-conversion cascaded with a sum-frequency process. The degree of quadrature phase amplitude correlations, a nonclassical characteristic, among the three mode was discussed by a sufficient inseparability criterion for continuous-variable entanglement, which was proposed by van Loock and Furusawa.
Frequency conversion of single photons is an important technology for quantum interface and quantum communication networks. Here, single-photon frequency conversion in the telecommunication band is experimentally demonstrated via cascaded quadratic nonlinear processes. Using cascaded quasi-phase-matched sum and difference frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, the signal photon of a photon pair from spontaneous down-conversion is precisely shifted to identically match its counterpart, i.e., the idler photon, in frequency to manifest a clear nonclassical dip in the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Moreover, quantum entanglement between the photon pair is maintained after the frequency conversion, as is proved in time-energy entanglement measurement. The scheme is used to switch single photons between dense wavelength-division multiplexing channels, which holds great promise in applications in realistic quantum networks.
It has been a longstanding goal in quantum optics to realize controllable sources generating joint multiphoton states, particularly photon triplet with arbitrary spectral characteristics. We demonstrate that such sources can be realized via cascaded parametric down-conversion (PDC) in superlattice structures of nonlinear and linear segments. We consider a scheme that involves two parametric processes---${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ under pulsed pump---and investigate the spontaneous creation of a photon triplet as well as the generation of high-intensity mode in intracavity three-photon splitting. We show the preparation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger polarization-entangled states in cascaded type-II and type-I PDC in the framework of considering the dual-grid structure that involves two periodically poled crystals. We demonstrate the method of compensation of the dispersive effects in nonlinear segments by appropriately chosen linear dispersive segments of superlattice for preparation of the heralded joint states of two polarized photons. In the case of intracavity three-photon splitting, we concentrate on the investigation of photon-number distributions, third-order photon-number correlation function, as well as the Wigner functions. These quantities are observed both for short interaction time intervals and the over-transient regime, when dissipative effects are essential.
Abstract Quadripartite continuous-variable (CV) entanglement with different optical frequencies can be generated by nondegenerate optical parametric amplification cascaded with a sum-frequency process in only one optical superlattice. Firstly, the idler beam is generated by a different frequency process between pump and signal beams. Then, the sum-frequency beam will be generated by a cascaded sum-frequency process between pump and idler beams in the same optical superlattice. The conversion dynamics of the cascaded nonlinear processes is investigated by using a quantum stochastic method. The quantum correlations among pump, signal, idler and sum-frequency beams are calculated by applying a sufficient inseparability criteria for quadripartite CV entanglement. The results show that quadripartite CV entangled beams can be produced by this single-pass cascaded nonlinear process in one optical superlattice.