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Chinese Physics B

Double-resonance optical-pumping effect and ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency signal without Doppler background in cesium atomic vapour cell

Baodong Yang, Jing Gao, Qiangbing Liang, 王杰 Wang Jie, Tiancai Zhang, Junmin Wang

Published Apr 1, 2011• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a Doppler-broadened ladder-type cesium atomic system (6S 1/2 -6P 3/2 -8S 1/2 ), this paper characterizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different experimental arrangements, and investigates the influence of the double-resonance optical-pumping (DROP) effect on EIT in both arrangements. When the probe laser is weak, DROP is explicitly suppressed. When the probe laser is moderate, population of the intermediate level (6P 3/2 F ' = 5) is remarkable, therefore DROP is mixed with EIT. An interesting bimodal spectrum with the broad component due to DROP and the narrow part due to EIT has been clearly observed in cesium 6S 1/2 F = 4−6P 3/2 F ' = 5−8S 1/2 F '' = 4 transitions.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/20/4/044202

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Optics Express•Aug 21, 2009•39 citations
In a Doppler-broadened ladder-type cesium atomic system (6S 1/2 -6P 3/2 -8S 1/2 ), this paper characterizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different experimental arrangements, and investigates the influence of the double-resonance optical-pumping (DROP) effect on EIT in both arrangements. When the probe laser is weak, DROP is explicitly suppressed. When the probe laser is moderate, population of the intermediate level (6P 3/2 F ' = 5) is remarkable, therefore DROP is mixed with EIT. An interesting bimodal spectrum with the broad component due to DROP and the narrow part due to EIT has been clearly observed in cesium 6S 1/2 F = 4−6P 3/2 F ' = 5−8S 1/2 F '' = 4 transitions.
Based on the cesium 6S1/26{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​-6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​-8S1/28{S}_{1/2}8S1/2​ ladder-type atomic system, double-resonance optical pumping (DROP) spectra including electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects have been investigated with a room-temperature cesium vapor cell. For both cases of the probe and the coupling laser beams passing through the cesium vapor cell with the counter-propagation (CTP) and co-propagation (CP) configurations, the DROP spectra measured in the experiment display explicitly different linewidths. Thanks to the EIT effect, the linewidth of the DROP spectrum is explicitly narrower for the CTP configuration than for the CP configuration. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis considering Doppler averaging. Furthermore, when the coupling laser has moderate power, the DROP spectrum for the CTP configuration clearly shows two components: the narrow part due to the EIT effect and the broad part caused by optical pumping (but these two different components are never seen in the CP configuration). Also, the effect of the intensity of the coupling and probe lasers on the DROP spectra is investigated.
We present the double resonance optical pumping (DROP) effect of ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 transition of 87Rb atoms. When many atoms of the ladder-type atomic system are simultaneously resonant with the two laser fields, the population of one ground state can be optically pumped into another ground state through intermediate states and excited states. In this paper, we reveal that most previous results for the ladder-type EIT include the DROP effect. When the probe laser is very weak and the coupling laser is strong, we can observe the double structure transmittance spectrum, a narrow spectrum due to the EIT and a broad spectrum due to the DROP, in the 5S1/2(F=2)-5P3/2(F'=3)-5D5/2(F"=4) cycling transition.
We have investigated the optical pumping effects of single-resonance optical pumping (SROP) and double-resonance optical pumping (DROP) in the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the 5S1/2–5P3/2–5D3/2 transition of 87Rb atoms. In the 5S1/2(F = 2)–5P3/2(F' = 3)–5D3/2(F'' = 2, 3) transition with the single-resonance cycling 5S1/2(F = 2)–5P3/2(F' = 3) transition, we observed the transmittance spectrum due to DROP and EIT. Based on our experimental results investigated according to the laser power (the probe and the coupling) and the coupling laser detuning, we revealed that DROP was significant for the transmittance spectrum. Particularly, in the 5S1/2(F = 2)–5P3/2(F' = 1, 2)–5D3/2(F'' = 1) transition without a cycling transition, we observed the two-photon absorption due to two-photon atomic coherence, when the probe laser power was weak and the coupling laser power was strong.
We present electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and double resonance optical pumping (DROP) spectra for the 5 S 1/2 →5 P 3/2 →5 D 5/2 transitions of 87 Rb atoms. Two-photon excitation to the 5 D 5/2 state is confirmed by detecting 420 nm fluorescence from the decay channel 6 P 3/2 →5 S 1/2 . We observe a dual structure in the transmission profile for the closed transition ( F =2→ F ′ =3→ F ′ ′ =4), which we attribute to competing DROP and EIT processes. A quantitative parameter K is introduced to characterize the DROP influence on EIT spectra. By adding a re-pumper field locked to the |5 S 1/2 , F =1⟩→|5 P 3/2 , F ′ =2⟩ transition, we demonstrate clear EIT signal with suppressed DROP effects. Two-photon absorption is also observed in both probe transmission and blue fluorescence spectra. The steady state solution of the density matrix equations derived from our five-level analytical model is in good agreement with the experimental observations. Moreover, lock-in detection technique is used in the weak probe regime to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing EIT and DROP in multi-level atomic systems and offer practical strategies for achieving DROP-free EIT signals, which are essential for cascade EIT-based applications like Rydberg spectroscopy, quantum information, and quantum memory.
The spectra of cesium 6P3/2 - 8S1/2 excited-state transition have been obtained using double resonance optical-pumping (DROP) technique in a room-temperature vapor cell, and have shown a much better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with that using the traditional optical-optical double resonance (OODR) method. Furthermore, the line-width of DROP spectra is obviously narrowed by electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) effect in cesium 6S1/2 F=4 - 6P3/2 F'=5 - 8S1/2 F''=4 transitions. Finally, such DROP spectrum of 6P3/2 F'=5 - 8S1/2 F''=4 transition with a high SNR and a narrow line-width is applied into frequency stabilization of a 795 nm external-cavity diode laser, and the residual frequency fluctuation is ~ 600 kHz within 500 s.
A high sensitivity spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms is presented by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 6S(1/2)-6P(3/2)-n D ladder-type system of cesium vapor cell at room temperature. The EIT spectra of 40 D Rydberg state are measured and the dependences of the EIT magnitude and linewidth on the coupling laser power are investigated in detail. The Rydberg EIT linewidth is measured to be about 5.6 MHz when the powers of probe and coupling lasers are 50 microW and 5.2 mW, respectively, and which is close to the natural linewidth of cesium atoms. The effect of double resonance optical pumping on EIT is also investigated. The fine structures of nD (n = 39-55) are measured and the experimental result is in agreement with quantum defect theory.