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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Design of a Tunable 3D Microwave Cavity for Use in Coupling to Quantum Superconducting Circuits

C.J. Ballard, Rangga P. Budoyo, Kristen Voigt, Jared Hertzberg, J. R. Anderson, Christopher J. Lobb, F. C. Wellstood

Published Mar 5, 2015• 0 citations
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This article reviews a recent experiment that demonstrated a new hybrid type of tunable superconducting qubit consisting of a two-dimensional (2D) superconducting capacitively shunted flux qubit coupled to a 3D microwave cavity.Such a 3D hybrid flux qubit has extremely long relaxation times, which are comparable to or exceed the best values reported for 2D flux qubits.This new design of frequency-tunable qubits is uniquely suited for applications in bosonic quantum computing, which exploits multiphoton states of 3D microwave cavities.
Semiconductor-based superconducting qubits offer a versatile platform for studying hybrid quantum devices in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture. Most of these circuit QED experiments utilize coplanar waveguides, where the incorporation of dc gate lines is straightforward. Here, we present a technique for probing gate-tunable hybrid devices using a three-dimensional (3D) microwave cavity. A recess is machined inside the cavity wall for the placement of devices and gate lines. We validate this design using a hybrid device based on an InAs-Al nanowire Josephson junction. The coupling between the device and the cavity is facilitated by a long superconducting strip, the antenna. The Josephson junction and the antenna together form a gatemon qubit. We further demonstrate the gate-tunable cavity shift and two-tone qubit spectroscopy. This technique could be used to probe various quantum devices and materials in a 3D circuit QED architecture that requires dc gate voltages.
We design and test a low-loss interface between superconducting three-dimensional microwave cavities and two-dimensional circuits, where the coupling rate is highly tunable. This interface seamlessly integrates a loop antenna and a Josephson junction-based coupling element. We demonstrate that the loss added by connecting this interface to the cavity is 1.28 kHz, corresponding to an inverse quality factor of 1/(4.5×106). Furthermore, we show that the cavity's external coupling rate to a 50 Ω transmission line can be tuned from negligibly small to over 3 orders of magnitude larger than its internal loss rate in a characteristic time of 3.2 ns. This switching speed does not impose additional limits on the coupling rate because it is much faster than the coupling rate. Moreover, the coupler can be controlled by low frequency signals to avoid interference with microwave signals near the cavity or qubit frequencies. Finally, the coupling element introduces a 0.04 Hz/photon self-Kerr nonlinearity to the cavity, remaining linear in high photon number operations.