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Acta Physica Sinica

Correlation measurement of quantum cascade photons in single InAs quantum dot

Li Yuan, Dou Xiu-Ming, Chang Xiu-Ying, Ni Hai-Qiao, Zhichuan Niu, Baoquan Sun

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Single InAs quantum dot (QD) sample was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The Photoluminescences (PL) of the exciton and biexciton in a single QD were measured at 5 K. The PL intensity as a function of the laser excitation power, the fine structure splittings of the exciton and biexciton, and the corresponding linearly polarized emissions were analyzed. By means of Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) setup, the photon correlation between the PL of exciton and biexciton were measured, which is gave an evidence of the quantum cascade emissions between biexciton and exciton PL.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.017804

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Single InAs quantum dot (QD) sample was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The Photoluminescences (PL) of the exciton and biexciton in a single QD were measured at 5 K. The PL intensity as a function of the laser excitation power, the fine structure splittings of the exciton and biexciton, and the corresponding linearly polarized emissions were analyzed. By means of Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) setup, the photon correlation between the PL of exciton and biexciton were measured, which is gave an evidence of the quantum cascade emissions between biexciton and exciton PL.
Single InAs quantum dot (QD) sample is grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), and the photoluminescence (PL) from a single QD at 5 K is measured. By means of Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) setup, we measure the photon correlation of the PL which indicates that the PL of QD is single-photon emission. This single-photon source is used to demonstrate experimentally the single-photon interference via Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. In addition, the measured interference and fringe visibility are analyzed by changing the different linear polarization of the photon between two arms of MZ interferometer.
The peaks of exciton and biexciton from the single quantum dot (QD) micro-photoluminescence spectra are identified by observing the intensity of those peaks in relation to increasing excitation power. In order to further verify the properties of the exciton and biexciton, we perform auto- and cross correlation measurements. Using the former, we confirm the antibunching property of the signal light emitted from the single QD. Using cross correlation measurement, we verify that the exciton and biexciton emissions originate from the same QD and they are strongly correlated with each other. Lastly, we analyze the behavior of the cross correlation function in both the cases of saturated and unsaturated excitation of the QD.
Excitation power-dependent micro-photoluminescence spectra and photon-correlation measurement are used to study the optical properties and photon statistics of single InAs quantum dots. Exciton and biexciton emissions, whose photoluminescence intensities have linear and quadratic excitation power dependences, respectively, are identified. Under pulsed laser excitation, the zero time delay peak of second order correlation function corresponding to exciton emission is well suppressed, which is a clear evidence of single photon emission.
We report correlation and cross-correlation measurements of photons emitted under continuous wave excitation by a single II–VI quantum dot (QD) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. A standard technique of microphotoluminescence combined with an ultrafast photon correlation setup allowed us to see an antibunching effect on photons emitted by excitons recombining in a single CdTe∕ZnTe QD, as well as cross correlation within the biexciton (X2)-exciton (X) radiative cascade from the same dot. Fast microchannel plate photomultipliers and a time-correlated single photon module gave us an overall temporal resolution of 140ps better than the typical exciton lifetime in II–VI QDs of about 250ps.
We report on polarisation correlation from the cascaded recombination of biexcitons in a quantum dot emitting at a telecommunication wavelength. The fine structure splitting of the exciton state in this InAs/GaAs quantum dot is of the order of 100 μeV and polarisation correlation is expected. Strong polarisation correlation between the biexciton and exciton emission lines is observed under both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed laser excitation so telecom wavelength quantum dots with lower energy splittings could be suitable for entangled photon pair generation. Measurements were performed using nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). SSPDs offer low time-jitter and improve the resolution of features in the correlation spectra, including the asymmetric dip and peak resulting from the cascaded emission with the peak extending more than an order of magnitude above the Poissonian level.
Hereby, we study the generation of pairs of polarization-entangled photons at telecom C-band by biexciton-exciton cascade from non-resonantly excited epitaxial InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs). It is realized without external tuning of the fine structure splitting (FSS), which does not exceed 10 μμμeV in as-grown nanostructures, due to their high in-plane symmetry. Excitonic complexes are identified by means of excitation power-dependent and polarization-resolved magneto)microphotoluminescence. Their origin from different carrier configurations confined in the same QD is confirmed by time correlations of emitted photons. Experimental results are supported by 8-band kp calculations, followed by the configuration interaction method to include excitonic effects. This comparison reveals the structure of higher energy states, allowing for the reconstruction of the QD structural parameters. To verify and quantify the entanglement, we perform quantum state tomography and reconstruct the two-photon density matrix. Its diagonalization allows a detailed analysis of the entangled state and reveals an unfavourable interplay between phase accumulation and decoherence, pointing to a clear route for boosting entanglement by using a XX resonant, pulsed excitation scheme and shortening the radiative lifetimes.