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Chinese Physics Letters

Spectrum Analysis of a Pulsed Photon Source Generated from Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate

Bin Fang, Bi‐Heng Liu, Yun‐Feng Huang, Bao‐Sen Shi, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Jul 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a theoretical and experimental study on the bandwidth of parametric down-converted photons generated from periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal pumped by a pulsed laser. By comparison of crystals with different lengths and pump beams of different bandwidths, we demonstrate that the bandwidth of down-converted photons will increase for a broader bandwidth of pump pulse and decrease for a longer crystal, but the influence of crystal length will become weaker along with increase of both crystal length and pump pulse bandwidth. Especially under the conditions of our experiment, the bandwidth almost remains unchanged for longer crystals when pumped by a femtosecond laser. This may be helpful for schemes in which pulsed lasers are used to pump PPLN crystals.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/28/7/074212

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We present a theoretical and experimental study on the bandwidth of parametric down-converted photons generated from periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal pumped by a pulsed laser. By comparison of crystals with different lengths and pump beams of different bandwidths, we demonstrate that the bandwidth of down-converted photons will increase for a broader bandwidth of pump pulse and decrease for a longer crystal, but the influence of crystal length will become weaker along with increase of both crystal length and pump pulse bandwidth. Especially under the conditions of our experiment, the bandwidth almost remains unchanged for longer crystals when pumped by a femtosecond laser. This may be helpful for schemes in which pulsed lasers are used to pump PPLN crystals.
We report the efficient generation of high-gain parametric down-conversion, including pump depletion, with pump powers as low as 100 µW (energies 0.1 µJ/pulse) and conversion efficiencies up to 33%. In our simple configuration, the pump beam is tightly focused into a bulk periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in free space. We also observe a change in the photon number statistics for both the pump and down-converted beams as the pump power increases to reach the depleted pump regime. The experimental results are a clear signature of the interplay between the pump and the down-converted beams in highly efficient parametric down-conversion sources.
The high peak intensity achieved with ultrashort pump pulses drastically increases the conversion efficiency in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. However, when ultrashort pulses are used, dispersion limits the degree of squeezing. Here, we investigate the effects of dispersion on both quadrature squeezing and photon statistics by varying the interaction length when pumping a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal with femtosecond pulses. The down-converted light in the 1550 nm telecom band attains its maximum observed squeezing level of 3.1 dB for the shortest interaction length. Our photon-statistics measurements agree with the photon-pair distribution going from thermal to Poissonian as the interaction length is increased. This is explained by considering the dispersion-induced distinguishability of the generated photon pairs.
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We experimentally demonstrate that the bandwidth of single photons laser pulse is compressed by a factor of 58 in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide chip. A positively chirped single photons laser pulse and a negatively chirped classical laser pulse are employed to produce a narrowband single photon pulse with new frequency through sum-frequency generation. In our experiment, the frequency and bandwidth of single photons at 1550 nm are simultaneously converted. Our results mark a critical step towards the realization of coherent photonic interface between quantum communication at 1550 nm and quantum memory in the near-visible window.