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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Polariton states of cavity coupled three-level atoms

Guoqing Yang, Bichen Zou, Zheng Tan, Yifu Zhu

Published May 21, 2015• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study a cavity quantum electrodynamics system in which a cavity mode couples simultaneously with two separate transitions of three-level atoms, and show that three polariton states are created in the coupled cavity-atom system. We report the observation of such polariton states in an experiment with cold Rb atoms confined in a cavity. The experimental results agree with theoretical calculations based on a semiclassical analysis. The three-level cavity-atom system may be used for a variety of fundamental studies and practical applications.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.001208

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We study a cavity quantum electrodynamics system in which a cavity mode couples simultaneously with two separate transitions of three-level atoms, and show that three polariton states are created in the coupled cavity-atom system. We report the observation of such polariton states in an experiment with cold Rb atoms confined in a cavity. The experimental results agree with theoretical calculations based on a semiclassical analysis. The three-level cavity-atom system may be used for a variety of fundamental studies and practical applications.
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I analyze a scheme that is capable of producing large Kerr nonlinearities on cavity-atom polaritons in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system consisting of multiple three-level atoms confined in a cavity mode. A weak control laser coupled to the atoms from free space induces destructive quantum interference in the polariton excitation of the coupled cavity-atom system and creates large Kerr nonlinearities on the intra-cavity light field. The scheme can be used for optical switching or cross-phase modulation of the cavity-atom polariton at ultralow light levels.
We propose a method to study the quantum nonlinearity and observe the multiphoton transitions in a multiatom cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system. We show that by inducing simultaneously destructive quantum interference for the single-photon and two-photon excitations in the CQED system, it is possible to observe the direct three-photon excitation of the higher-order ladder states of the CQED system. We report an experiment with cold Rb atoms confined in an optical cavity and demonstrate such interference control of the multiphoton excitations of the CQED system. The observed nonlinear excitation of the CQED ladder states agrees with a theoretical analysis based on a fully quantized treatment of the CQED system, but disagrees with the semiclassical analysis of the CQED system. Thus it represents a direct observation of the quantum nature of the multiatom CQED system and opens new ways to explore quantum nonlinearity and its applications in quantum optical systems in which multiple absorbers or emitters are coupled with photons in confined cavity structures.
We describe a white-light cavity scheme based on a cavity quantum electrodynamics system that consists of multiple three-level atoms confined in an optical cavity and coherently driven by a free-space, circularly polarized field. A linearly polarized field is coupled into the cavity mode and its two circular components induce coherent Raman transitions through the normal modes of the coupled atom-cavity system. One circular component of the cavity field experiences anomalous dispersion which enables broadband light transmission through the cavity. We present the experimental demonstration of the broadband light transmission through an optical cavity coupled to cold Rb atoms.
Collective coupling of multiple atoms with a cavity mode produces two normal modes that are separated in energy by Vacuum Rabi splitting. We show that quantum coherence and interference can be produced by a control laser that couples the atoms confined in the cavity mode from free space, which leads to suppression of the normal mode excitation, or polariton excitation of the cavity-atom system. The control laser splits the normal mode of the cavity-atoms system and opens two excitation channels. The destructive quantum interference between the two channels renders the cavity-atoms system opaque to the light coupled into the cavity mode. We demonstrate suppression of the normal mode (polariton) excitation by the destructive quantum interference in an experiment with cold Rb atoms confined in an optical cavity.
I analyze an all-optical switching scheme in a cavity QED system consisting of multiple three-level atoms confined in a cavity mode. A control laser coupled to the atoms from free space induces quantum interference in the coupled cavity-atom system and performs all optical switching of the cavity-atom polaritons. When the cavity is tuned far away from the atomic resonance, the cavity-atom polariton consists of nearly pure photonic excitation and then the scheme can be used for photon switching at low light intensities.