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arXiv:0911.0588 · Optics Letters

Large Kerr nonlinearities on cavity-atom polaritons

Yifu Zhu

Published Jan 20, 2010• 29 citations
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Abstract

I analyze a scheme that is capable of producing large Kerr nonlinearities on cavity-atom polaritons in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system consisting of multiple three-level atoms confined in a cavity mode. A weak control laser coupled to the atoms from free space induces destructive quantum interference in the polariton excitation of the coupled cavity-atom system and creates large Kerr nonlinearities on the intra-cavity light field. The scheme can be used for optical switching or cross-phase modulation of the cavity-atom polariton at ultralow light levels.

DOI
10.1364/ol.35.000303

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I analyze a scheme that is capable of producing large Kerr nonlinearities on cavity-atom polaritons in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system consisting of multiple three-level atoms confined in a cavity mode. A weak control laser coupled to the atoms from free space induces destructive quantum interference in the polariton excitation of the coupled cavity-atom system and creates large Kerr nonlinearities on the intra-cavity light field. The scheme can be used for optical switching or cross-phase modulation of the cavity-atom polariton at ultralow light levels.
I analyze an all-optical switching scheme in a cavity QED system consisting of multiple three-level atoms confined in a cavity mode. A control laser coupled to the atoms from free space induces quantum interference in the coupled cavity-atom system and performs all optical switching of the cavity-atom polaritons. When the cavity is tuned far away from the atomic resonance, the cavity-atom polariton consists of nearly pure photonic excitation and then the scheme can be used for photon switching at low light intensities.
We show that by manipulating quantum interference in a multi-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system, the nonlinear excitation of the cavity-atom polariton can be resonantly enhanced while the linear excitation is suppressed. Under the appropriate conditions, it is possible to selectively enhance or suppress the polariton excitation with two free-pace laser fields. We report on an experiment with cold Rb atoms in an optical cavity and present experimental results that demonstrate such interference control of the CQED excitation and its direct application to studies of all-optical switching and cross-phase modulation of the cavity-transmitted light.
We present a theoretical study of a multiatom cavity quantum electrodynamics system consisting of three-level atoms confined in a cavity and interacting with a control laser from free space. A probe laser is coupled into the cavity, and the transmitted cavity field and reflected probe field from the cavity are analyzed. We show that the free-space control laser induces large nonlinearities for the intracavity probe field, which can be used to control the amplitude and phase of the reflected probe light and the transmitted probe light. Under appropriate conditions, large cross-phase modulation for the reflected and transmitted light fields can be obtained with a weak control field, which renders the system useful for studies of all-optical switching and quantum phase gates.
Collective coupling of multiple atoms with a cavity mode produces two normal modes that are separated in energy by Vacuum Rabi splitting. We show that quantum coherence and interference can be produced by a control laser that couples the atoms confined in the cavity mode from free space, which leads to suppression of the normal mode excitation, or polariton excitation of the cavity-atom system. The control laser splits the normal mode of the cavity-atoms system and opens two excitation channels. The destructive quantum interference between the two channels renders the cavity-atoms system opaque to the light coupled into the cavity mode. We demonstrate suppression of the normal mode (polariton) excitation by the destructive quantum interference in an experiment with cold Rb atoms confined in an optical cavity.
We show that by manipulating quantum interference in a multi-atom cavity QED system, the nonlinear excitation of the cavity-atom polariton can be resonantly enhanced while the linear excitation is suppressed. Under appropriate conditions, it is possible to selectively enhance or suppress the polariton excitation with two free-pace laser fields. We report an experiment with cold Rb atoms in an optical cavity and present experimental results that demonstrate such interference control of the cavity QED excitation and its direct applications for studies of all-optical switching and cross-phase modulation of the cavity transmitted light.
We propose and analyze a scheme for photon trapping in an optical resonator coupled with two-level atoms. We show that when the cavity is excited by two identical light fields, one from each end of the cavity, the output light from the cavity is suppressed while the intracavity light field is nearmaximum due to the excitation of the polariton state of the coupled cavity and atom system. We also present methods for the direct probing of the trapped polariton state. The photon trapping is manifested by the destructive interference of the transmitted light and the incident light, which is conditioned on the presence of incoherent processes such as spontaneous decay of the atomic excitation of the polariton state. Such photon trapping is quite generic and should be observable experimentally in a variety of cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.