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Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

Generalized coherent states under deformed quantum mechanics with maximum momentum

Chee Leong Ching, Wei Khim Ng

Published Oct 7, 2013• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Following the Gazeau--Klauder approach, we construct generalized coherent states (GCS) as the quantum simulator to examine the deformed quantum mechanics, which exhibits an intrinsic maximum momentum. We study deformed harmonic oscillators and compute their probability distribution and entropy of states exactly. Also, a particle in an infinite potential box is studied perturbatively. In particular, unlike usual quantum mechanics, the present deformed case increases the entropy of the Planck scale quantum optical system. Furthermore, for simplicity, we obtain the modified uncertainty principle (MUP) with the perturbative treatment up to leading order. MUP turns out to increase generally. However, for certain values of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ (a parameter of GCS), it is possible that the MUP will vanish and hence will exhibit the classical characteristic. This is interpreted as the manifestation of the intrinsic high-momentum cutoff at lower momentum in a perturbative treatment. Although the GCS saturates the minimal uncertainty in a simultaneous measurement of physical position and momentum operators, thus constituting the squeezed states, complete coherency is impossible in quantum gravitational physics. The Mandel Q number is calculated, and it is shown that the statistics can be Poissonian and super-/sub-Poissonian depending on $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The equation of motion is studied, and both Ehrenfest's theorem and the correspondence principle are recovered. Fractional revival times are obtained through the autocorrelation, and they indicate that the superposition of a classical-like subwave packet is natural in GCS. We also contrast our results with the string-motivated (Snyder) type of deformed quantum mechanics, which incorporates a minimum position uncertainty rather than a maximum momentum. With the advances of quantum optics technology, it might be possible to realize some of these distinguishing quantum-gravitational features within the domain of future experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.88.084009

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Following the Gazeau--Klauder approach, we construct generalized coherent states (GCS) as the quantum simulator to examine the deformed quantum mechanics, which exhibits an intrinsic maximum momentum. We study deformed harmonic oscillators and compute their probability distribution and entropy of states exactly. Also, a particle in an infinite potential box is studied perturbatively. In particular, unlike usual quantum mechanics, the present deformed case increases the entropy of the Planck scale quantum optical system. Furthermore, for simplicity, we obtain the modified uncertainty principle (MUP) with the perturbative treatment up to leading order. MUP turns out to increase generally. However, for certain values of \ensuremathγ\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremathγ (a parameter of GCS), it is possible that the MUP will vanish and hence will exhibit the classical characteristic. This is interpreted as the manifestation of the intrinsic high-momentum cutoff at lower momentum in a perturbative treatment. Although the GCS saturates the minimal uncertainty in a simultaneous measurement of physical position and momentum operators, thus constituting the squeezed states, complete coherency is impossible in quantum gravitational physics. The Mandel Q number is calculated, and it is shown that the statistics can be Poissonian and super-/sub-Poissonian depending on \ensuremathγ\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremathγ. The equation of motion is studied, and both Ehrenfest's theorem and the correspondence principle are recovered. Fractional revival times are obtained through the autocorrelation, and they indicate that the superposition of a classical-like subwave packet is natural in GCS. We also contrast our results with the string-motivated (Snyder) type of deformed quantum mechanics, which incorporates a minimum position uncertainty rather than a maximum momentum. With the advances of quantum optics technology, it might be possible to realize some of these distinguishing quantum-gravitational features within the domain of future experiments.
Generalized coherent states under deformed quantum mechanics that exhibit intrinsic minimum length [Phys. Rev. D 86, 064038 (2012)] and maximum momentum [Phys. Rev. D 88, 084009 (2013)] have been well studied following the Gazeau-Klauder approach. In this paper, as an extension to the study of quantum deformation, we investigate the famous Schr\"odinger cat states (SCs) under these two classes of quantum deformation. Following the concept of generalized Gazeau-Klauder Schr\"odinger cat states (GKSCs) in [J. Phys. A 45, 244006 (2012)], we construct the deformed GKSCs for both phenomenological models that exhibit intrinsic minimum length and/or maximum momentum. All comparisons between minimum length and maximum momentum deformations are illustrated and plots are done in even and odd cat states since they are one of the most important classic statistical characteristics of SCs. Probability distribution and entropies are studied. In general, deformed cat states do not possess the original even and odd state statistical properties. Nonclassical properties of the deformed GKSCs are explored in terms of the Mandel QQQ parameter, quadrature squeezing $(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{X}_{q})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{Y}_{q})$, as well as Husimi quasiprobability distribution Q\mathcal{Q}Q. Some of these distinguishing quantum-gravitational features may possibly be realized qualitatively and even be measured quantitatively in future experiments with the advanced development in quantum atomic and optics technology.
Several approaches to quantum gravity suggest the emergence of a fundamental minimal length at the Planck scale. In quantum mechanics, this feature is naturally encoded through deformations of the Heisenberg algebra, leading to the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). While the phenomenological implications of GUP have been extensively explored, a consistent characterization of coherent states in minimal-length quantum mechanics remains elusive. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of coherent states for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We show that the canonical equivalence among their standard characterizations - as eigenstates of the annihilation operator, displaced vacuum states and minimum-uncertainty wave packets - is generically lost in the presence of a minimal length. We then investigate the dynamical and semiclassical consequences of this inequivalence by comparing the evolution of generalized coherent states with that of states saturating the GUP. In particular, we demonstrate that minimal-length effects induce nontrivial deformations of phase-space trajectories and give rise to an intrinsic squeezing mechanism with no counterpart in ordinary quantum mechanics. These results establish a unified framework for coherence in GUP-based quantum theories and identify distinctive semiclassical signatures of minimal-length physics, opening a new avenue for probing quantum-gravitational effects.
We construct the exact position representation for a deformed (non-relativistic) quantum mechanics which exhibits an intrinsic maximum momentum and use it to study problems such as a particle in a box and an asymmetric well. In particular, we show that unlike usual quantum mechanics, the present deformed case delays the formation of bound states in a finite potential well, a distinguishing feature that might be relevant for empirical investigations. We also contrast our results with the string-motivated type of deformed quantum mechanics which incorporates a minimum position uncertainty rather than a maximum momentum.
We present the coherent states of the harmonic oscillator in the framework of the generalized (gravitational) uncertainty principle (GUP). This form of GUP is consistent with various theories of quantum gravity such as string theory, loop quantum gravity and black-hole physics and implies a minimal measurable length. Using a recently proposed formally self-adjoint representation, we find the GUP-corrected Hamiltonian as a generator of the generalized Heisenberg algebra. Then following Klauder's approach, we construct exact coherent states and obtain the corresponding normalization coefficients, weight functions and probability distributions. We find the entropy of the system and show that it decreases in the presence of the minimal length. These results could shed light on possible detectable Planck-scale effects within recent experimental tests.
More recently, we have proposed a set of noncommutative space that describes the quantum gravity at the Planck scale (J. Phys. A: Math. Theor53, 115303 (2020)). The interesting significant result, we found is that, the generalized uncertainty principle induced a maximal measurable length of quantum gravity. This measurement revealed strong quantum gravitational effects at this scale and predicted the measurement of gravity particles with low energies. In the present paper, to make an evidence this prediction, we study in this space, the dynamics of a particle with position-dependent mass (PDM) trapped in an infinite square well. We show that, by increasing the quantum gravitational effect, the PDM of the particle increases and induces contractions of the quantum energy levels. These contractions are more pronounced as one increases the quantum levels, allowing the particle to jump from one state to another with low energies and with high probability densities. Moreover, with the spectrum of this system at hand, we develop generalized coherent states based on the Gazeau-Klauder formalism. These states are shown to satisfy the Klauder's minimum conditions. Some statistical properties are calculated and analyzed. We find that these states are sub-Poissonian in nature.
The generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) is a modification of Heisenberg's Principle predicted by several theories of quantum gravity. It consists of a modified commutator between the position and momentum. In this work, we compute potentially observable effects that GUP implies for the harmonic oscillator, coherent, and squeezed states in quantum mechanics. In particular, we rigorously analyze the GUP-perturbed harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, defining new operators that act as ladder operators on the perturbed states. We use these operators to define the new coherent and squeezed states. We comment on potential applications.