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Coherent states of position-dependent mass in strong quantum gravitational background fields

Latévi M. Lawson

Published Dec 18, 2020• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

More recently, we have proposed a set of noncommutative space that describes the quantum gravity at the Planck scale (J. Phys. A: Math. Theor53, 115303 (2020)). The interesting significant result, we found is that, the generalized uncertainty principle induced a maximal measurable length of quantum gravity. This measurement revealed strong quantum gravitational effects at this scale and predicted the measurement of gravity particles with low energies. In the present paper, to make an evidence this prediction, we study in this space, the dynamics of a particle with position-dependent mass (PDM) trapped in an infinite square well. We show that, by increasing the quantum gravitational effect, the PDM of the particle increases and induces contractions of the quantum energy levels. These contractions are more pronounced as one increases the quantum levels, allowing the particle to jump from one state to another with low energies and with high probability densities. Moreover, with the spectrum of this system at hand, we develop generalized coherent states based on the Gazeau-Klauder formalism. These states are shown to satisfy the Klauder's minimum conditions. Some statistical properties are calculated and analyzed. We find that these states are sub-Poissonian in nature.

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Coherent states in minimal-length Quantum Mechanics: inequivalent characterizations and emergent squeezing

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Several approaches to quantum gravity suggest the emergence of a fundamental minimal length at the Planck scale. In quantum mechanics, this feature is naturally encoded through deformations of the Heisenberg algebra, leading to the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). While the phenomenological implications of GUP have been extensively explored, a consistent characterization of coherent states in minimal-length quantum mechanics remains elusive. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of coherent states for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We show that the canonical equivalence among their standard characterizations - as eigenstates of the annihilation operator, displaced vacuum states and minimum-uncertainty wave packets - is generically lost in the presence of a minimal length. We then investigate the dynamical and semiclassical consequences of this inequivalence by comparing the evolution of generalized coherent states with that of states saturating the GUP. In particular, we demonstrate that minimal-length effects induce nontrivial deformations of phase-space trajectories and give rise to an intrinsic squeezing mechanism with no counterpart in ordinary quantum mechanics. These results establish a unified framework for coherence in GUP-based quantum theories and identify distinctive semiclassical signatures of minimal-length physics, opening a new avenue for probing quantum-gravitational effects.

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More recently, we have proposed a set of noncommutative space that describes the quantum gravity at the Planck scale (J. Phys. A: Math. Theor53, 115303 (2020)). The interesting significant result, we found is that, the generalized uncertainty principle induced a maximal measurable length of quantum gravity. This measurement revealed strong quantum gravitational effects at this scale and predicted the measurement of gravity particles with low energies. In the present paper, to make an evidence this prediction, we study in this space, the dynamics of a particle with position-dependent mass (PDM) trapped in an infinite square well. We show that, by increasing the quantum gravitational effect, the PDM of the particle increases and induces contractions of the quantum energy levels. These contractions are more pronounced as one increases the quantum levels, allowing the particle to jump from one state to another with low energies and with high probability densities. Moreover, with the spectrum of this system at hand, we develop generalized coherent states based on the Gazeau-Klauder formalism. These states are shown to satisfy the Klauder's minimum conditions. Some statistical properties are calculated and analyzed. We find that these states are sub-Poissonian in nature.
A minimum length scale of the order of Planck length is a feature of many models of quantum gravity that seek to unify quantum mechanics and gravitation. Recently, Perivolaropoulos in his seminal work (Perivolaropoulos in Phys. Rev. D 95:103523, 2017) predicted the simultaneous existence of minimal and maximal length measurements of quantum gravity. More recently, we have shown that both measurable lengths can be obtained from position-dependent noncommutativity (Lawson in J. Phys. A Math.Theor. 53:115303, 2020). In this paper, we present an alternative derivation of these lengths from non-Hermitian position-dependent noncommutativity. We show that a simultaneous measurement of both lengths form a family of discrete spaces. In one hand, we show the similarities between the maximal uncertainty measurement and the classical properties of gravity. On the other hand, the connection between the minimal uncertainties and the non-Hermicity quantum mechanic scenarios. The existence of minimal uncertainties are the consequences of non-Hermicities of some operators that are generators of this noncommutativity. With an appropriate Dyson map, we demonstrate by a similarity transformation that the physically meaningfulness of dynamical quantum systems is generated by a hidden Hermitian position-dependent noncommutativity. This transformation preserves the properties of quantum gravity but removes the fuzziness induced by minimal uncertainty measurements at this scale. Finally, we study the eigenvalue problem of a free particle in a square-well potential in these new Hermitian variables.
We develop generalized coherent states based on the Gazeau–Klauder formalism for a particle with position-dependent mass trapped in an infinite square well. We study the quantum statistical properties of these states by means of the Mandel parameter and the second-order correlation function. Our analysis reveals that the constructed coherent states exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics. Moreover, theoretical investigations of wave packet revivals and fractional revivals for the pertaining system have been performed by means of the autocorrelation function and temporal evolution of probability density.
Position-deformed Heisenberg algebra with maximal length uncertainty has recently been proven to induce strong quantum gravitational fields at the Planck scale (2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.55 105303). In the present study, we use the position space representation on the one hand and the Fourier transform and its inverse representations on the other to construct propagators of path integrals within this deformed algebra. The propagators and the corresponding actions of a free particle and a simple harmonic oscillator are discussed as examples. Since the effects of quantum gravity are strong in this Euclidean space, we show that the actions which describe the classical trajectories of both systems are bounded by the ordinary ones of classical mechanics. This indicates that quantum gravity bends the paths of particles, allowing them to travel quickly from one point to another. It is numerically observed by the decrease in values of classical actions as one increases the quantum gravitational effects.
We present the coherent states of the harmonic oscillator in the framework of the generalized (gravitational) uncertainty principle (GUP). This form of GUP is consistent with various theories of quantum gravity such as string theory, loop quantum gravity and black-hole physics and implies a minimal measurable length. Using a recently proposed formally self-adjoint representation, we find the GUP-corrected Hamiltonian as a generator of the generalized Heisenberg algebra. Then following Klauder's approach, we construct exact coherent states and obtain the corresponding normalization coefficients, weight functions and probability distributions. We find the entropy of the system and show that it decreases in the presence of the minimal length. These results could shed light on possible detectable Planck-scale effects within recent experimental tests.
Following the Gazeau--Klauder approach, we construct generalized coherent states (GCS) as the quantum simulator to examine the deformed quantum mechanics, which exhibits an intrinsic maximum momentum. We study deformed harmonic oscillators and compute their probability distribution and entropy of states exactly. Also, a particle in an infinite potential box is studied perturbatively. In particular, unlike usual quantum mechanics, the present deformed case increases the entropy of the Planck scale quantum optical system. Furthermore, for simplicity, we obtain the modified uncertainty principle (MUP) with the perturbative treatment up to leading order. MUP turns out to increase generally. However, for certain values of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ (a parameter of GCS), it is possible that the MUP will vanish and hence will exhibit the classical characteristic. This is interpreted as the manifestation of the intrinsic high-momentum cutoff at lower momentum in a perturbative treatment. Although the GCS saturates the minimal uncertainty in a simultaneous measurement of physical position and momentum operators, thus constituting the squeezed states, complete coherency is impossible in quantum gravitational physics. The Mandel Q number is calculated, and it is shown that the statistics can be Poissonian and super-/sub-Poissonian depending on $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The equation of motion is studied, and both Ehrenfest's theorem and the correspondence principle are recovered. Fractional revival times are obtained through the autocorrelation, and they indicate that the superposition of a classical-like subwave packet is natural in GCS. We also contrast our results with the string-motivated (Snyder) type of deformed quantum mechanics, which incorporates a minimum position uncertainty rather than a maximum momentum. With the advances of quantum optics technology, it might be possible to realize some of these distinguishing quantum-gravitational features within the domain of future experiments.
Several approaches to quantum gravity suggest the emergence of a fundamental minimal length at the Planck scale. In quantum mechanics, this feature is naturally encoded through deformations of the Heisenberg algebra, leading to the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). While the phenomenological implications of GUP have been extensively explored, a consistent characterization of coherent states in minimal-length quantum mechanics remains elusive. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of coherent states for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We show that the canonical equivalence among their standard characterizations - as eigenstates of the annihilation operator, displaced vacuum states and minimum-uncertainty wave packets - is generically lost in the presence of a minimal length. We then investigate the dynamical and semiclassical consequences of this inequivalence by comparing the evolution of generalized coherent states with that of states saturating the GUP. In particular, we demonstrate that minimal-length effects induce nontrivial deformations of phase-space trajectories and give rise to an intrinsic squeezing mechanism with no counterpart in ordinary quantum mechanics. These results establish a unified framework for coherence in GUP-based quantum theories and identify distinctive semiclassical signatures of minimal-length physics, opening a new avenue for probing quantum-gravitational effects.