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Optics Letters

Bio-organism detection in one-dimensional photonic crystals using electromagnetically induced transparency

Jolly Jose, Harshawardhan Wanare

Published Feb 1, 2012• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an optical sensor that allows site-selective detection of a refractive index change occurring due to any infiltration such as a bio-organism in a porous one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC). We use the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to detect and locate the infiltration. With a localized change in the refractive index, the maximum of the peak EIT transmission shifts, which is determined by tuning the control field frequency. The strong dispersion and the narrowing of the absorption free response associated with EIT within the PC form the basis of such enhanced sensitivity.

DOI
10.1364/ol.37.000410

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We propose an optical sensor that allows site-selective detection of a refractive index change occurring due to any infiltration such as a bio-organism in a porous one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC). We use the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to detect and locate the infiltration. With a localized change in the refractive index, the maximum of the peak EIT transmission shifts, which is determined by tuning the control field frequency. The strong dispersion and the narrowing of the absorption free response associated with EIT within the PC form the basis of such enhanced sensitivity.
All-optical analogs of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are important for light storage, sensing, and optical communication. Here, we report results of a computational study focusing on the EIA and EIT characteristics of triple-microcavity hosting one-dimensional photonic crystals (PHCs). In contrast to previous experimental investigation of dual PHC cavities, realization EIA and EIT in the triple-cavity PHC is not restricted to reflection and transmission, respectively. In addition, the dispersive response of the triple-cavity is also distinct since EIA in the triple-cavity may lead to the generation of both sub- and superluminal light pulses. Furthermore, the dispersion of the system at either output may be reversed by altering the distribution of the coupled light among the three cavities. Finally, we discuss the experimental implementation of these features based on a single monolithic PHC and show tuning of the EIA and EIT phenomenon over a broad spectral range by using strain-tunable polymer-based PHC microcavities. Among others, these findings are advantageous for realizing ultra-narrow bandwidth optical filters, all-optical switching, temporal control of cavity quantum electrodynamics effects, and on-chip dispersion control.
Using the Transfer matrix method to reserch the one-dimensional photonic crystal bandgap structure which is made of electromagnetically induced transparency atomic vapor.The results show that the photonic crystal bandgap can be manipulated by varying the refractive index of electromagnetically induced transparency atomic vapor.The EIT atomic vapor relative refractive index gradually increasing with the Rabi frequency.With the Rabi frequency gradually increasing,the band gap of the photonic crystal becomes more and more narrow,but the change is becoming slower.
Controlling the optical response of a medium through suitably tuned coherent electromagnetic fields is highly relevant in a number of potential applications, from all-optical modulators to optical storage devices. In particular, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an established phenomenon in which destructive quantum interference creates a transparency window over a narrow spectral range around an absorption line, which, in turn, allows to slow and ultimately stop light due to the anomalous refractive index dispersion. Here we report on the observation of a new form of both induced transparency and amplification of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven silicon photonic crystal resonator at room temperature. The effect is based on the oscillating temperature field induced in a nonlinear optical cavity, and it reproduces many of the key features of EIT while being independent of either atomic or mechanical resonances. Such thermo-optically induced transparency will allow a versatile implementation of EIT-analogs in an integrated photonic platform, at almost arbitrary wavelength of interest, room temperature and in a practical, low cost, and scalable system.
A kind of photonic crystal structure with modulation of the refractive index is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The combination of EIT with periodically modulated refractive index medium gives rise to high efficiency reflection as well as forbidden transmission in a three-level atomic system coupled by standing wave. We show an accurate theoretical simulation via transfer-matrix theory, automatically accounting for multilayer reflections, thus fully demonstrate the existence of photonic crystal structure in atomic vapor.
We investigate numerically an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an all-dielectric metamaterial-waveguide (ADMW) that consists of a two-dimensional silicon rod array on quartz slab waveguide. The EIT-like response is achieved by the destructive interference between a broad magnetic resonance and a narrow guide mode resonance. By tailoring the guided mode through the thickness of the slab waveguide or the lattice period of the metamaterial, an EIT-like transmission window is achieved with both high Q-factor (>104) and high transmission (>94%). And the group refractive index at the EIT-like resonance of the ADMW can be up to several thousands. These results demonstrate that the proposed ADMW has potential applications in low-loss slow-light based devices, bio-chemical sensing, and optical modulations.
We use electromagnetically induced transparency combined with coherent enhancement of refractive index in the conduction intersubband transitions of a n-doped quantum well structure to study one-dimensional functional (active) photonic band gap structures. In the absence of a control laser field, such structures act as conventional photonic band gaps created by off-resonant (background) refractive index perturbations. In the presence of the control field, they are transformed into resonant structures with transitions around the Bragg wavelength. We show that this process can be used to (i) destroy the band gap, making the structure fully transparent around the Bragg wavelength, or (ii) coherently tune the band gap while enhancing its width by nearly a factor of 2. Using these phenomena we then study coherent localization of electromagnetic modes in photonic band gap structures without having any structural defects. Such a localization process here happens via partial illumination of such structures by the control field, generating electromagnetically induced optical defects. We show that the phase associated with such defects can be adjusted by the control field, allowing us to generate tunable electromagnetically induced transmission resonances (or photonic electromagnetically induced transparency) within the band gap.