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The Astrophysical Journal

Highly Excited States of Atoms in a Magnetic Field

Robert F. O’Connell

Published Jan 1, 1974• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Zeeman effect in the Ba I absorption spectrum has been observed by Garton and Tomkins. One striking feature of the spectrum they obtained is the existence of a sequence of a lines, extending across the zero-field series limit into the continuum, with a regular spacing of about 1 .Shw, where w is the cyclotron frequency. A semiclassical explanation is given for this result. Subject headings: atomic processes - Zeeman effect

DOI
10.1086/152625

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 12, 2010•0 citations
The Zeeman effect in the Ba I absorption spectrum has been observed by Garton and Tomkins. One striking feature of the spectrum they obtained is the existence of a sequence of a lines, extending across the zero-field series limit into the continuum, with a regular spacing of about 1 .Shw, where w is the cyclotron frequency. A semiclassical explanation is given for this result. Subject headings: atomic processes - Zeeman effect
The Zeeman effect of R-absorption lines in ruby was observed in a high pulsed magnetic field up to 520 kOe using an optical multichannel analyzer. The experiment was done under a thermal equilibrium condition ( T =130 K) and the Zeeman line intensity is satisfactorily explained. When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the C 3 -axis, the excited \barE and 2\barA states show a level mixing and the observed pattern indicates a clear Paschen-Back effect The observed g // -values of the excited states are -2.49±0.05 and 1.49±0.05 for \barE and 2\barA, respectively. g ⊥ -values for these levels were estimated to be smaller than 0.1 at 500 kOe.
A perturbation method is used to evaluate the energy levels and oscillator strengths of sodium atoms (m=-2,π2=+)in a strong magnetic field. The main features of the calculated spectra which lie in the strong-field-mixing regime agree well with the corresponding experimental results. Besides the conventional quasi-Landau resonance with spacing equal to 1.5?ωc (ωc is the electron cyclotron frequency) near the zero field ionization limit, a series of resonance spacings are found and analysed using the zero order energy formula and the Fourier transform technique. The values of these spacings are in consistent with other theoretical results. Based on the perturbation method, a quantum mechanical explanation for the spacings is given. These resonance spacings are independent of the applied exernal magnetic field.
The Zeeman effect of the B and R absorption lines of ruby was observed photographically with strong pulsed magnetic fields up to 230 kOe at 77°K. This was achieved by flashing a Xe-lamp at the time when a magnetic field reached its peak. The duration of the pulsed field was made to be about 1 m sec which was much longer than that of the pulsed light, about 20 µ sec. The g -values of the excited states responsible for the B and R lines were measured and the comparison was made with those reported by other authors. For the Zeeman patterns of the R lines with magnetic fields perpendicular to the optic axis, the Paschen-Back effect was calculated and compared with the observed patterns.
The saturated absorption spectra of the 87Rb D2 line were observed in an almost-zero magnetic field, in the geomagnetic field, and in a magnetic field of 10 G. The relative magnitudes of the resonance signals were calculated and tabulated by application of Nakayama’s four-level model to the 87Rb D2 line. The observed spectra were in good agreement with the theoretical plots. However, it was found that in the case of the 10-G magnetic field it is necessary to calculate an exact splitting of Zeeman sublevels in order to fit the theoretical calculation to the observed spectra and that saturation spectroscopy can be used as a method for observing the Zeeman splitting.
The absorption intensities, widths and wave-numbers of R 1 , R 2 and B 1 B 2 lines of Cr 3+ in ruby for the polarized light E ⊥ C 3 and E // C 3 are experimentally studied at 20°K and 4.2°K. Zeeman effect is also studied, using a magnetic field H 0 =24,000 φ, for both R and B lines. The Zeeman effect has not been observed yet for the B lines, while Lehmann has already observed the Zeeman effect for R lines. In our results of R lines, the quantitative aspects of Lehmann's experiment are improved. The comparison is made with the theoretical results given in Part A and it is shown that nice agreements can be obtained when suitable assignments of the spectra are adopted and when fairly large g -shifts of the excited states are introduced.
We experimentally study the absorption spectroscopy from a collection of gaseous 87Rb atoms at room temperature irradiated with three fields. Two of these fields are in a pump–probe saturation absorption configuration. The third field co-propagates with the pump field. The three fields address Zeeman degenerate transitions between hyperfine levels 5S1/2, F = 1 and 5P3/2, F = 0, F = 1 around the D2 line. We find a sub-natural absorption resonance in the counter-propagating probe field for equal detunings of all three fields. This absorption arises in conjunction with the appearance of increased transmission due to electro-magnetically induced transparency in the co-propagating fields. The novel feature of this absorption is its onset only for the blue of 5P3/2, F = 0, as the laser frequency is scanned through the excited states 5P3/2, F = 0, F = 1 and F = 2. The absorption rapidly rises to near maximum values within a narrow band of frequency near 5P3/2, F = 0. Our experimental results are compared with a dressed atom model. We find the threshold absorption to be a result of coherent interaction between the dressed states of our system.