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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Zeeman effect in the saturation spectroscopy of the ^87Rb D_2 line

Ho Seong Lee, Sang Eon Park, Jong Dae Park, Hyuck Cho

Published Apr 1, 1994• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The saturated absorption spectra of the 87Rb D2 line were observed in an almost-zero magnetic field, in the geomagnetic field, and in a magnetic field of 10 G. The relative magnitudes of the resonance signals were calculated and tabulated by application of Nakayama’s four-level model to the 87Rb D2 line. The observed spectra were in good agreement with the theoretical plots. However, it was found that in the case of the 10-G magnetic field it is necessary to calculate an exact splitting of Zeeman sublevels in order to fit the theoretical calculation to the observed spectra and that saturation spectroscopy can be used as a method for observing the Zeeman splitting.

DOI
10.1364/josab.11.000558

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•Sep 23, 2015•1 citation
The saturated absorption spectra of the 87Rb D2 line were observed in an almost-zero magnetic field, in the geomagnetic field, and in a magnetic field of 10 G. The relative magnitudes of the resonance signals were calculated and tabulated by application of Nakayama’s four-level model to the 87Rb D2 line. The observed spectra were in good agreement with the theoretical plots. However, it was found that in the case of the 10-G magnetic field it is necessary to calculate an exact splitting of Zeeman sublevels in order to fit the theoretical calculation to the observed spectra and that saturation spectroscopy can be used as a method for observing the Zeeman splitting.
High-resolution saturated absorption spectroscopy of the 85RbD1 line has been used for observation of the Zeeman effect by use of a diode laser with a narrow linewidth. Experimental results were compared with both Breit–Rabi theory related to shifted resonant frequencies and Nakayama's single-cycle optical pumping theory related to signal magnitudes of signal [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B2, 1431 (1985)]. A comparison of our results with those of Bowie [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B12, 1839 (1995)], who used perturbation theory to obtain the energy-level shifts, yielded experimental results that differ significantly in some respects.
We perform saturated absorption spectroscopy on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line for room temperature rubidium atoms immersed in magnetic fields within the 0.05--0.13 T range. At those medium-high field values the hyperfine structure in the excited state is broken by the Zeeman effect, while in the ground-state hyperfine structure and Zeeman shifts are comparable. The observed spectra are composed by a large number of absorption lines. We identify them as saturated absorptions on two-level systems, on three-level systems in a V\mathsf{V}V configuration, and on four-level systems in an N\mathsf{N}N or double-N\mathsf{N}N configuration where two optical transitions not sharing a common level are coupled by spontaneous emission decays. We analyze the intensity of all those transitions within a unified simple theoretical model. We concentrate our attention on the double-N\mathsf{N}N crossovers signals whose intensity is very large because of the symmetry in the branching ratios of the four levels. We point out that these structures, present in all alkali-metal atoms at medium-high magnetic fields, have interesting properties for electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light applications.
Zeeman splitting in the D 2 line of rubidium atoms ( 87 Rb and 85 Rb) has been studied using 'Doppler broadened' as well as 'saturation absorption spectroscopy'. While a linearly polarized beam was used for the former experiment, in the latter case a (π, σ ± ) polarization configuration was employed for both pump and probe beams. Zeeman lines have been observed by applying a field up to 5 mT. The field variation of relative line intensities in Doppler-broadened spectrum was determined following Tremblay et al and Nakayama's four-level model. For the saturation spectrum, a four-level model was used. Because the enhancement of absorption at the field is as low as 1 mT, the F g = 2 to F e = 3 transition for 87 Rb can be used as the reference for laser locking. Level crossing is observed in 85 Rb at fields less than 5 mT.
Theoretical study and computer modeling results of the spectra of coherent dark resonances resulted from excitation of Zeeman sublevels of the Fg=2→Fe=1 transition of the D1 line in 87Rb atoms by a frequency-modulated laser field are presented and discussed in detail. The influence of the nonlinear Zeeman effect on the structure of the coherent dark resonances is observed. It is shown that calculated for different values of the magnetic field spectra are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
We observed saturated absorption spectra of the 87Rb atom under a magnetic field of several millitesla with a diode laser oscillating at 780 nm. The spectra were compared with the theoretical ones obtained on the basis of Nakayama's four-level model. We numerically computed Zeeman splittings of the 52 P 3/2 excited state of the atom. As the magnetic field increased to 5 mT, the absorption peak of the F=2→F'=3 transition shifted almost linearly up to about 62 MHz. The shift direction was reversed by changing the polarization combination of the pump and probe lasers. The measured frequency stability, when the laser was locked at the absorption peak, was better than σy(τ)= 1 ×10-11τ-1/2 for the sampling time of 0.01 s≤τ≤10 s.
We perform saturated absorption spectroscopy on the D2_22​ line for room temperature rubidium atoms immersed in magnetic fields within the 0.05-0.13 T range. At those medium-high field values the hyperfine structure in the excited state is broken by the Zeeman effect, while in the ground state hyperfine structure and Zeeman shifts are comparable. The observed spectra are composed by a large number of absorption lines. We identify them as saturated absorptions on two-level systems, on three-level systems in a V configuration and on four-level systems in a N or double-N configuration where two optical transitions not sharing a common level are coupled by spontaneous emission decays. We analyze the intensity of all those transitions within a unified simple theoretical model. We concentrate our attention on the double-N crossovers signals whose intensity is very large because of the symmetry in the branching ratios of the four levels. We point out that these structures, present in all alkali atoms at medium-high magnetic fields, have interesting properties for electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light applications.