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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Resonant four-wave mixing and parametric amplification in a double-Λ level scheme

U. Hinze, Boris N. Chichkov, E. Tiemann, B. Wellegehausen

Published Nov 11, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Double-/spl Lambda/ level schemes offer rich possibilities to study the non-linear interaction of continuous resonant radiation fields with multi-level systems. Efficient four-wave mixing with up- and down-conversion has been demonstrated previously. We report on theoretical and experimental investigations related to four-wave difference-frequency mixing and parametric amplification. As a nonlinear medium Na/sub 2/ molecules produced in a sodium heatpipe are used.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2000.910241

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Summary form only given. Double-/spl Lambda/ level schemes offer rich possibilities to study the non-linear interaction of continuous resonant radiation fields with multi-level systems. Efficient four-wave mixing with up- and down-conversion has been demonstrated previously. We report on theoretical and experimental investigations related to four-wave difference-frequency mixing and parametric amplification. As a nonlinear medium Na/sub 2/ molecules produced in a sodium heatpipe are used.
Summary form only given. Resonant four-wave mixing with continuous laser fields has recently gained new interest, because of quantum interference effects that allow to manipulate and control the properties of the nonlinear medium. In this contribution we report on new experimental and theoretical investigations of four-wave mixing and parametric amplification in a resonantly driven double-A scheme as shown. As a nonlinear medium Na/sub 2/-molecules produced in a sodium heat pipe at a typical operation temperature of 720 K are used. In this scheme Raman gain on the 2-3 transition plays an important role and can result in exponential growth of the generated signal intensity at /spl lambda//sub 4/=480 nm in spite of absorption on the 4-1 transition (due to the "gain transfer"). This allows to achieve very high conversion efficiencies into the signal field.
Summary form only given. Various schemes of resonant frequency conversion using four-wave mixing (FWM) have been investigated recently. For example, sum-frequency FWM in Hg atoms has been used for generation of CW radiation at 121.56 nm, corresponding to the Lyman-/spl alpha/ line of hydrogen and efficient difference frequency mixing has been demonstrated in double-/spl Lambda/ level configurations of Na/sub 2/ molecules. We present novel investigations on the resonance structure of the FWM-spectra in the case of up-conversion in a double-/spl Lambda/ scheme realized in Na/sub 2/.
An experimental investigation was made of resonant nonlinear four-wave frequency mixing processes involving cw laser radiation in sodium vapor. It was found that, in spite of an increase in absorption, the use of resonant atomic nonlinearities can substantially improve the frequency conversion efficiency in the cw regime. The results of the measurements were compared with the theoretical conclusions. Ultraviolet radiation was generated at the sum frequency ( λ s = 268 nm) with the proportionality factor C = W s / W 1 W 2 W 3 ≈2W −2
Efficient continuous resonant frequency mixing omega(4) = omega(1) - omega(2) + omega(3) in Na(2) has been realized. A bichromatic field (lambda(1) = 488 nm, lambda(2) = 525 nm), generated by an Ar(+)-laser-pumped Na(2) Raman laser, and radiation at lambda(3) = 655 nm from a dye laser interact resonantly with corresponding transitions X(1)Sigma(g)(+)(upsilon = 3, J = 43) ? B(1)Pi(u)(6, 43) ? X(1)Sigma(g)(+)(13, 43) ? A(1)Sigma(g)(+)(24, 44) in a test Na(2) heat pipe. For input powers of 200, 25, and 400 mW an output beam of as much as 0.2 mW at lambda(4) = 599 nm has been observed. Measured parameter dependences indicate an influence of interference effects. This is directly related to the discussion of lasing without inversion.
We study the continuous resonant four-wave mixing in a medium of atoms with a modified double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ level configuration. Under the far-off-resonance condition for a pair of levels, we reduce the five-level scheme to an effective three-level scheme, with a two-photon coupling between the two lower levels. We derive the exact steady-state solution to the density-matrix equations for the reduced scheme and obtain the wave-mixing equations for the fields in the continuous-wave regime. We show that the upper-level decay may substantially affect the resonantly enhanced wave-mixing process. We demonstrate that this decay shortens the conversion cycle rather than prolongs it.