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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Resonant continuous four-wave mixing and parametric amplification

U. Hinze, Boris N. Chichkov, E. Tiemann, B. Wellegehausen

Published Dec 1, 2000• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental investigations of continuous four-wave mixing and parametric amplification in a resonantly driven double-Λ scheme of Na2 molecules are reported. Cases of copropagating and counterpropagating pump waves are analyzed. Macroscopic propagation of the generated fields and the interplay of absorption, Raman gain, four-wave mixing, and parametric amplification are studied.

DOI
10.1364/josab.17.002001

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Theoretical and experimental investigations of continuous four-wave mixing and parametric amplification in a resonantly driven double-Λ scheme of Na2 molecules are reported. Cases of copropagating and counterpropagating pump waves are analyzed. Macroscopic propagation of the generated fields and the interplay of absorption, Raman gain, four-wave mixing, and parametric amplification are studied.
Summary form only given. Resonant four-wave mixing with continuous laser fields has recently gained new interest, because of quantum interference effects that allow to manipulate and control the properties of the nonlinear medium. In this contribution we report on new experimental and theoretical investigations of four-wave mixing and parametric amplification in a resonantly driven double-A scheme as shown. As a nonlinear medium Na/sub 2/-molecules produced in a sodium heat pipe at a typical operation temperature of 720 K are used. In this scheme Raman gain on the 2-3 transition plays an important role and can result in exponential growth of the generated signal intensity at /spl lambda//sub 4/=480 nm in spite of absorption on the 4-1 transition (due to the "gain transfer"). This allows to achieve very high conversion efficiencies into the signal field.
Efficient continuous resonant frequency mixing omega(4) = omega(1) - omega(2) + omega(3) in Na(2) has been realized. A bichromatic field (lambda(1) = 488 nm, lambda(2) = 525 nm), generated by an Ar(+)-laser-pumped Na(2) Raman laser, and radiation at lambda(3) = 655 nm from a dye laser interact resonantly with corresponding transitions X(1)Sigma(g)(+)(upsilon = 3, J = 43) ? B(1)Pi(u)(6, 43) ? X(1)Sigma(g)(+)(13, 43) ? A(1)Sigma(g)(+)(24, 44) in a test Na(2) heat pipe. For input powers of 200, 25, and 400 mW an output beam of as much as 0.2 mW at lambda(4) = 599 nm has been observed. Measured parameter dependences indicate an influence of interference effects. This is directly related to the discussion of lasing without inversion.
For the first time, we study the parametric amplification process of multi-wave mixing (PA-MWM) signal and cascaded-nonlinearity process (CNP) in sodium vapors both theoretically and experimentally, based on a conventional phase-conjugate MWM and a self-diffraction four-wave mixing (SD-FWM) processes, which are pumped by laser or amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), respectively. For laser pumping case, SD-FWM process serves as a quantum linear amplifier (a CNP) out (inside) of the resonant absorption region. While for ASE case, only the CNP occurs and the output linewidth is much narrower than that of the MWM signal due to the second selected effect of its electromagnetically induced transparency window. In addition, the phase-sensitive amplifying process seeded by two MWM processes is discussed for the first time. Theoretical fittings agree well with the experiment. The investigations have important potential applications in quantum communication.
A strong pump-power dependence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) signal for an aqueous solution of Malachite green is reported. The characteristics of the pump-power dependence of the nonlinear signal are reproduced by a theoretical model based on the coupling between pump-probe, considering signal fields and propagation effects. The effect of the intramolecular coupling on the nonlinear intensity of the FWM signal is studied using a model molecule consisting of two-coupled harmonic curves of electronic energies with minima displaced in energy and nuclear positions. Two-vibrational states are considered while including non-adiabatic effects for the two-state model. Moreover, the coupling among the field components, as well as the propagation effects, are studied by considering a constant pump-intensity. Our calculation scheme, considering both the intramolecular coupling effects in the description of the molecular structure and the effects produced by the propagation of the FWM signal along the optical length, allows the exponential dependence of the latter, as the intensity of the pumping beam increases. Our treatments do not require the inclusion of other non-resonant processes outside the RWA approximation, due to the consideration of an adiabatic basis.
Four-wave optical parametric amplification (FWOPA) in a Raman-active medium is experimentally investigated by use of an air-filled hollow fiber. A femtosecond pump pulse shorter than the period of molecular motion excites the coherent molecular motion of the Raman-active molecules during the parametric amplification of a signal pulse. The excited coherent motion modulates the frequency of the signal pulse during the parametric amplification, and shifts it to lower frequencies. The magnitude of the frequency redshift depends on the pump intensity, resulting in intensity-dependent spectral characteristics that are different from those in the FWOPA induced in a noble-gas-filled hollow fiber.