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Journal of Modern Optics

Experimental investigation of high resolution imaging using Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing

Anca Mocofanescu, L. Corner, R. Ramos-Garcia, Michael J. Damzen

Published Apr 1, 1997• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the results of an experimental investigation of a polarization-decoupled Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing (BEFWM) configuration used for short-pulse high-resolution imaging. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulphide (CS2) and the counterpropagating pump is generated from the forward pump by stimulated Brillouin scattering in a second CS2 cell. This configuration produced a good quality, high resolution (∼9 μm) phase conjugate image of a United States Air Force test chart, correcting for aberrations in the system.

DOI
10.1080/09500349708230691

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Sep 1, 1989•10 citations
We present the results of an experimental investigation of a polarization-decoupled Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing (BEFWM) configuration used for short-pulse high-resolution imaging. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulphide (CS2) and the counterpropagating pump is generated from the forward pump by stimulated Brillouin scattering in a second CS2 cell. This configuration produced a good quality, high resolution (∼9 μm) phase conjugate image of a United States Air Force test chart, correcting for aberrations in the system.
The results of an experimental investigation of a new geometry for producing phase conjugation by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing are presented. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulfide, and the backward-going pump wave is created from the transmitted forward-going pump wave by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in glycerol. The two pump waves are hence phase conjugates of each other, and the quality of the phase-conjugation process is not degraded even by the use of an aberrated pump wave. The probe wave is created by SBS in carbon disulfide, which has a Brillouin frequency half that of glycerol, and the conjugate wave is therefore generated at the same frequency as the probe. Since the pump and signal waves differ in frequency by the Brillouin frequency of the carbon disulfide four-wave mixing medium, high reflectivities (approximately 2000%) are obtained as a result of Brillouin resonance enhancement.
Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing (BEFWM) is a judicious combination of SBS and FWM processes. In the traditional BEFWM experiments, two cells are used: one generates SBS, the other provides four-wave mixing. We demonstrated the generation of a phase conjugate signal by single cell BEFWM with focusing geometry. A single cell containing the optical nonlinear medium was used simultaneously for conventional SBS and FWM. Experiments were performed by using either CS2 or TiCl4 as the nonlinear medium; both have large Brillouin gain but differ greatly in their nonlinear indices of refraction. Thus the mechanism for four-wave mixing is shown to be Brillouin nonlinearity. In this experiment, the phase matching condition was satisfied and the frequency of the phase conjugate signal was not shifted from that of the master input beam. The operating regime of the experiment was far below the threshold of instability, which accounts for the low reflectivity that we observed. This single cell configuration is more compact and the optical alignment is easier than in the conventional BEFWM, in which two nonlinear cells are used.
An experimental and theoretical investigation of a polarization-decoupled form of Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing (BEFWM) is undertaken. Analytical steady-state solutions are found and numerical simulations of the transient regime including pump depletion are made. Experimental investigations of the BEFWM process were carried out in the liquids acetone and CS/sub 2/. Reflectivities, greater than unity, are readily observed. The variation of the transient reflectivity as a function of pump intensities and frequency detuning is studied. In the case of CS/sub 2/ it is shown that the Kerr effect makes a significant contribution to the interaction and numerical simulations, including Kerr effects, to produce good agreement with the experimental results.>
Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing (BEFWM) is a judicious combination of SBS and FWM processes. Very high phase conjugate reflectivity (>106) has been reported. Various conditions have been presented that lead to these high reflectivities, but all those discussions are based on a single mode laser. Here we report the experimental results of BEFWM with a multimode laser. The laser mode spacing is 0.15 GHz, which is larger than the linewidth of the acoustic phonon (0.1 GHz), so we can neglect the gratings that are not resonant with the acoustic frequency. We observed that the phase conjugate reflectivity is smaller for the multimode pump. Assume there is no coupling between modes through BEFWM and each mode interacts with the nonlinear medium independently. It has been shown that the reflectivity will decrease as the input pump power decreases. Thus the reflectivity of a single mode pump is higher than the resultant reflectivity from a multimode pump. Further examination of the temporal profiles of the probe and phase conjugate pulses in the multimode case shows that the pulse modulation depth is decreased in the phase conjugate pulse.
Investigations of self-pumped phase conjugation using Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing in TiCl4 at 1 μm are presented. We have (1) observed both forward and backward Brillouin scattering into the optical cavity used for self-pumped phase conjugation during a single pump laser pulse and enhanced the forward-scattered component relative to the backward-scattered component by changing the angle of incidence of the pump beam, (2) demonstrated up to 80% coupling of pump radiation into cavity radiation, (3) examined quenching of the radiation in the optical cavity and eliminated both multiple Stokes orders from Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering as possible mechanisms, (4) observed mode beating in the cavity intensity profile coincident with the quenching, and (5) studied ring-resonator geometries, demonstrating both forward and backward scattering, unidirectional oscillation, and bidirectional oscillation leading to a triple-shifted phase conjugate.