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Fortschritte der Physik

Cavity QED with a trapped ion

W. Vogel, C. Di Fidio

Published Feb 26, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A trapped ion in a leaky cavity is studied in the regime of strong atom‐field coupling. Particular emphasis is paid on nonlinearities due to smooth localization of the ion's wavefunction and on decoherence effects caused by spontaneous emission and cavity losses. Possibilities of quantum‐state preparation are analyzed and single‐ion lasing is considered.

DOI
10.1002/prop.200310034

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Abstract A trapped ion in a leaky cavity is studied in the regime of strong atom‐field coupling. Particular emphasis is paid on nonlinearities due to smooth localization of the ion's wavefunction and on decoherence effects caused by spontaneous emission and cavity losses. Possibilities of quantum‐state preparation are analyzed and single‐ion lasing is considered.
The dynamics of the interaction of a quantized cavity field and the vibronic degrees of freedom of a trapped ion is studied under realistic conditions by including cavity losses, spontaneous electronic transitions, and atomic nonlinearities. As long as spontaneous electronic transitions are negligible, analytical results are derived for describing the interaction of the trapped ion and the damped cavity field in the secular approximation. Under more general conditions, when the secular approximation breaks down and spontaneous emission effects become important, the dynamics of the system is studied by quantum-trajectory methods. As an example we demonstrate that, by exploiting the nonlinearities inherent in the dynamics of the system, one may prepare correlated vibronic states and vibrational Fock states. Moreover, we study the generation of an entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. Taking into account the decoherence due to electronic and cavity losses, the best fidelity is obtained under conditions far from the Lamb-Dicke regime.
Abstract The presence of mirrors modifies both the coherent coupling of an atom to a light mode and its spontaneous emission into the mode [1]. We study such cavity QED effects experimentally with single ions and optical cavities. We focus on two examples which are equally interesting as fundamental systems and for application in quantum information processing. (i) By retroreflecting the fluorescence of a single trapped Ba+ ion with a mirror 25 cm away, we observe inhibition and enhancement of the atom's spontaneous emission. When two ions are trapped, the distant mirror creates super‐ and subradiance. (ii) With a single trapped Ca+ ion we demonstrate coherent coupling of its narrow S1/2 – D5/2 “qubit” transition to a mode of a high‐finesse optical cavity. We also achieve deterministic coupling of the cavity standing wave to the ion's vibrational state by controlling the ion's position with nanometer‐precision and selectively exciting vibrational state‐changing transitions.
Abstract The simulation of non‐perturbative cavity‐QED effects is discussed using systems of trapped ions. Specifically, the implementation of extended Dicke models with both collective dipole‐field and direct dipole–dipole interactions is addressed, which represent a minimal set of models for describing light–matter interactions in the ultrastrong and deep‐strong coupling regime. It is shown that this approach can be used in state‐of‐the‐art trapped ion setups to investigate excitation spectra or the transition between sub‐ and superradiant ground states, which are currently not accessible in any other physical system. The analysis also reveals the intrinsic difficulty of accessing this non‐perturbative regime with larger numbers of dipoles, which makes the simulation of many‐dipole cavity QED a particularly challenging test case for future quantum simulation platforms.
We review the recent developments towards strong coupling of a single ion in cavity QED, in particular by using optical fiber cavities. We also summarize our efforts along the same line being pursued at Sussex University. The main issue in cavity QED with trapped ions has been the incompatibility of dielectric mirrors in trapping potentials. As consequence the mirrors of a cavity have to be further retracted from the ion, rendering the cavity volume rather big to sacrifice the ion-cavity coupling. However, the emerging fiber cavity technology is expected to largely mitigate this difficulty and yet achieve excellent resonator-quality. Achieving strong coupling with single trapped ions enables one to build a highly reliable and controllable quantum interface between matter and light to be used in quantum network. It could also open up new possibilities such as manipulating photonic quantum states via the quantum computing toolbox of ion trap.
We present a nonlinear decoherence model which models decoherence effects caused by various decohering sources in a quantum system through a nonlinear coupling between the system and its environment, and apply it to investigating decoherence in nonclassical motional states of a single trapped ion. We obtain an exactly analytic solution of the model and find very good agreement with experimental results for the population decay rate of a single trapped ion observed in the NIST experiments by Meekhof and co-workers [D. M. Meekhof et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1796 (1996)].