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Cavity-QED with a Trapped Ion in an Optical Fiber Cavity

Michael Köhl

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on cavity-QED experiments with trapped ions in fiber-based high-finesse optical cavities. We observe single photon emission and absorption and, in particular, demonstrate coupling to a semiconductor quantum dot by exchange of a single photon between the atomic and solid state quantum emitters.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2015.fw3a.1

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•Mar 18, 2021•0 citations
Coupling individual quantum systems lies at the heart of building scalable quantum networks. Here, we report the first direct photonic coupling between a semiconductor quantum dot and a trapped ion and we demonstrate that single photons generated by a quantum dot controllably change the internal state of a Yb^{+} ion. We ameliorate the effect of the 60-fold mismatch of the radiative linewidths with coherent photon generation and a high-finesse fiber-based optical cavity enhancing the coupling between the single photon and the ion. The transfer of information presented here via the classical correlations between the σ_{z} projection of the quantum-dot spin and the internal state of the ion provides a promising step towards quantum-state transfer in a hybrid photonic network.
Coupling individual quantum systems lies at the heart of building scalable quantum networks.Here, we report the first direct photonic coupling between a semiconductor quantum dot and a trapped ion and we demonstrate that single photons generated by a quantum dot controllably change the internal state of a Yb þ ion.We ameliorate the effect of the 60-fold mismatch of the radiative linewidths with coherent photon generation and a high-finesse fiber-based optical cavity enhancing the coupling between the single photon and the ion.The transfer of information presented here via the classical correlations between the σ z projection of the quantum-dot spin and the internal state of the ion provides a promising step towards quantum-state transfer in a hybrid photonic network.
We review the recent developments towards strong coupling of a single ion in cavity QED, in particular by using optical fiber cavities. We also summarize our efforts along the same line being pursued at Sussex University. The main issue in cavity QED with trapped ions has been the incompatibility of dielectric mirrors in trapping potentials. As consequence the mirrors of a cavity have to be further retracted from the ion, rendering the cavity volume rather big to sacrifice the ion-cavity coupling. However, the emerging fiber cavity technology is expected to largely mitigate this difficulty and yet achieve excellent resonator-quality. Achieving strong coupling with single trapped ions enables one to build a highly reliable and controllable quantum interface between matter and light to be used in quantum network. It could also open up new possibilities such as manipulating photonic quantum states via the quantum computing toolbox of ion trap.
This thesis describes the first experimentally achieved coupling of a single atomic ion to an optical fibre-cavity as well as the first photonic interaction between a single ion and a single semiconductor quantum dot. The newly developed apparatus stores a single Yb+ ion in a radio-frequency Paultrap. There the ion is overlapped in-situ with the field of a miniature Fabry-Perot cavity which is mounted on a 3D-translation stage. The key elements of the setup are the cavity mirrors which are microfabricated onto the front facets of optical fibres. The small size of these mirrors are ideal for integration with an electrode structure of similar dimensions. Moreover these cavities are intrinsically fibre coupled and thereby well suited for distributed networks based on photonic interaction. We focus in our studies of the cavity-ion interaction on the application of the cavity as a converter between atomic and photonic excitations. To this end, we investigate the probability of the ion to emit photons into the cavity mode and find that this rate exceeds the natural spontaneous emission rate of the transition. We confirm that the emitted light field consists of a stream of single photons by measuring the second order correlation function. Furthermore, when prepared in a single Zeeman state, the emission process correlates the polarisation of the photon with the spin state of the ion. Remarkably, swapping the roles of ion and light field does not affect the interaction strength, i.e. we observe strongly enhanced absorption by the ion when a faint probe beam is injected into the cavity mode. The novel cavity-ion geometry advances the prospects to reach the strong-coupling regime with single ions and the feasibility of a distributed ion-based quantum network. Finally we employ the cavity-enhanced absorption to demonstrate photonic coupling between an InAs/GaAs quantum dot and a Yb+ ion. The setups for both systems are spatially separated by 20 m and optically linked by a single mode fibre. Quantum dot photons are guided into the cavity and the absorption by the ion is investigated for various excitation parameters. Our results mark the first steps towards hybrid networks and set the stage for further studies of the interaction between this unequal couple.
Quantum networking is an established and growing field of research, with applications in many other fields of quantum technology, as well as fundamental research in quantum mechanics. A quantum network consists of multiple quantum devices that can interchange quantum information or be entangled with each other. Trapped ions coupled to optical cavities are among the most promising platforms in quantum technology broadly and networking specifically, with the ability to initialise and store quantum states in the ions and, via the cavity, transfer those states onto photons, which can interact with distant systems. This thesis describes two experiments using an ion trap with integrated high finesse optical cavity as a source of single photons. In the first, the photons were converted to a standard telecommunications wavelength through quantum frequency conversion and transmitted over 10 km of optical fibre. The attenuation experienced by the photons in optical fibre without frequency conversion would make transmission over such a long distance impractical. The converted photons were shown to maintain their nonclassical statistics, meaning such a system could be used to create quantum networks over long distances. A novel scheme for producing single photons from the ion-cavity system was demonstrated. This scheme significantly reduces the impact of decoherence in the system compared to commonly used schemes through selection of the initial state of the ion. This scheme may be directly applied to ion-photon entanglement and would lead to improved fidelity in ion-ion entanglement or state transfer. Both experiments represent significant steps towards the building of quantum networks based on ions coupled to optical cavities. They lay the groundwork for future experiments using the same system to entangle ions with photons and eventually with ions in other traps.