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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Multi-mode quantum networks

Jiří Janoušek, Seiji Armstrong, Boris Hage, Jean‐François Morizur, Ping Koy Lam, Hans‐A. Bachor

Published May 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Here, we demonstrate a system which offers the flexibility to switch between desired outputs, by measuring all of the entangled modes simultaneously with just one detection system. The switching is done in real time, via software only, requiring no modification of the optical setup. This is achieved by applying calculated electronic gain functions to spatial regions of optical modes co-propagating in one beam.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801630

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Here, we demonstrate a system which offers the flexibility to switch between desired outputs, by measuring all of the entangled modes simultaneously with just one detection system. The switching is done in real time, via software only, requiring no modification of the optical setup. This is achieved by applying calculated electronic gain functions to spatial regions of optical modes co-propagating in one beam.
Entanglement between large numbers of quantum modes is the quintessential resource for future technologies such as the quantum internet. Conventionally, the generation of multimode entanglement in optics requires complex layouts of beamsplitters and phase shifters in order to transform the input modes into entangled modes. Here we report the highly versatile and efficient generation of various multimode entangled states with the ability to switch between different linear optics networks in real time. By defining our modes to be combinations of different spatial regions of one beam, we may use just one pair of multi-pixel detectors in order to measure multiple entangled modes. We programme virtual networks that are fully equivalent to the physical linear optics networks they are emulating. We present results for N=2 up to N=8 entangled modes here, including N=2, 3, 4 cluster states. Our approach introduces the highly sought after attributes of flexibility and scalability to multimode entanglement. Multi-partite entanglement is essential not only to understand large quantum ensembles but also to build useful quantum technologies. Armstronget al. demonstrate multimode entanglement of up to eight modes using programmable virtual networks based on linear optics that can be switched in real time.
Entanglement is an essential resource at the heart of quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Moreover, multimode entanglement is necessary for the fabrication of complex quantum networks, in which entanglement is distributed among several quantum modes. The nodes of the network are made from quantum modes, which are the fundamental information carriers, and these nodes are interconnected by a series of channels through which the information flows. Multimode entanglement is traditionally viewed as many-body correlations, in which the nodes are spatially separated and can be measured individually. In our multimode resource, all of the modes travel together within a single laser beam [1]. This co-propagation of modes enables us to construct on-demand quantum networks via arbitrary shaping within the measurement process.
Optical entanglement is a key requirement for many quantum communication protocols. Conventionally entanglement is formed between two distinct beams, with the quantum correlations being measured at separate locations. We show entanglement between the modes within one beam. Our technique is particularly elegant and a major advance towards practical systems with minimum complexity. We demonstrate three major experimental achievements: (i) only one source is required to produce squeezed light in two orthogonal spatial modes, (ii) the entanglement is formed through lenses and beam rotation, without the need of a beam splitter and (iii) the quantum correlations are measured directly and simultaneously using a multi pixel, quadrant detector.