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Optics Express

Observation of quantum entanglement using spatial light modulators

Eric Yao, Sonja Franke‐Arnold, Johannes Courtial, Miles J. Padgett, Stephen Mark Barnett

Published Jan 1, 2006• 60 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We use spatial light modulators to observe the quantum entanglement of down-converted photon pairs. Acting as diffractive optical elements within one of the beams, they can be reconfigured in real time to set the spatial profile of the measured mode. Such configurations are highly applicable to the measurement of orbital angular momentum states or other spatial modes, such as those associated with quantum imaging.

DOI
10.1364/oe.14.013089

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We use spatial light modulators to observe the quantum entanglement of down-converted photon pairs. Acting as diffractive optical elements within one of the beams, they can be reconfigured in real time to set the spatial profile of the measured mode. Such configurations are highly applicable to the measurement of orbital angular momentum states or other spatial modes, such as those associated with quantum imaging.
Abstract We experimentally demonstrate the quantum entanglement in various spatial modes of the correlated photons generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a type-II phase-matched periodically-poled KTP crystal. The two-fold coincidence measurement reveals the spatial entanglement between the photon pairs by projecting one of the correlated photons onto a Gaussian mode while scanning the spatial mode of its partner photon through selective projection (Gaussian, Laguerre–Gaussian (LG), Bessel-Gaussian (BG), and Airy–Gaussian (AG)) using a spatial light modulator (SLM). We also show the spatially resolved measurement of the non-conservation of orbital angular momentum via modal decomposition of the correlated photon in LG and BG bases.
We study the high-dimensional orbital angular momentum OAM) entanglement contained in the spatial profiles of two quantum-correlated photons. For this purpose, we use a multi-mode two-photon interferometer with an image rotator in one of the interferometer arms. By measuring the two-photon visibility as a function of the image rotation angle we measure the azimuthal Schmidt number, i.e., we count the number of OAM modes involved in the entanglement; in our setup this number is tunable from 1 to 8.
The experimental realization of multidimensional quantum states may lead to unexplored and interesting physics, as well as advanced quantum communication protocols. The orbital angular momentum of photons is a well suitable discrete degree of freedom for implementing high-dimensional quantum systems. The standard method to generate and manipulate such photon modes is to use bulk and fixed optics. Here the authors demonstrate the utilization of a spatial light modulator to manipulate the orbital angular momentum of entangled photons generated in spontaneous parametric downconversion. They show that their setup allows them to realize photonic entanglement of up to 21 dimensions, which in principle can be extended to even larger dimensions.