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Modern Physics Letters B

TWO-PHOTON-ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF QUANTUM-WELL EXCITONS IN STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS

Kazuhito Fujii, AKIRA SHIMIZU, Johan Bergquist, Sotomitsu Ikeda, TAKESHI SAWADA

Published Jul 20, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured two-photon-absorption spectra of GaAs/Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 As quantum-well structures in a static electric field for photon energies near half the band gap energy, and found drastic field-induced-changes in the spectra. The two-photon-absorption peak at half the energy of the lowest light-hole exciton is induced by the static electric field normal to the quantum well layers, in agreement with a theory that takes account of quasi-two-dimensional exciton effects. With increasing the electric field, however, this peak grows more drastically than the theoretical prediction, and it approaches a large value predicted by another simplified theory based on a two-level model.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984991001386

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We have measured two-photon absorption spectra of quantum-well structures in static electric fields for photon energies close to half the band-gap energy, and found drastic static-field-induced changes in the spectra. Our experimental results agree with a theory based on an infinite-level model, the validity of which was previously established at zero bias, except that a field-induced growth of the two-photon absorption peak at half the lowest light-hole excitation energy is more drastic than the theoretical prediction. At high bias fields the peak height approaches a large value predicted by another simplified theory based on a two-level model.
Two-photon absorption spectroscopy was performed in GaAs quantum wells with photon energy \ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega} near half the band gap Eg{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{g}}Eg​. For the case of incident light polarized perpendicular to the confinement direction \ensuremath{\epsilon}^\ensuremath{\perp}z^, the onset of two-photon absorption occurs at the 2P state of the lowest-energy heavy-hole exciton and the absorption increases linearly with 2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}-Eg{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{g}}Eg​. For \ensuremath{\epsilon}^\ensuremath{\parallel}z^, the two-photon spectrum is stepped with superpositions of sharp 1S exciton features at odd \ensuremath{\Delta}N light-hole--conduction-band transitions. These results are used to accurately determine exciton binding energy, successive subband energy splittings, and band offsets.
We calculate the anisotropic two-photon absorption spectra of an AlGaAs-GaAs V-shaped quantum wire with realistic band structure, including excitonic effects. The absorption coefficient is obtained by integrating effective multiband Bloch equations accounting for the Coulomb interaction within the Hartree-Fock approximation. The various excitonic peaks are identified with respect to the involved energy subbands and the symmetry properties. Furthermore, A/sub 2/-excitons, which are dark for one-photon excitation, become bright for two-photon spectroscopy when the light is linearly polarized along a direction that is not a symmetry axis. We show that some of them may be observable.
We calculate the change in the absorption strength of excitonic lines induced by a pump beam tuned in the transparency region of a direct-band-gap semiconductor. We show that, in the large-detuning limit, and unlike what happens to the energy shift, this change does not simply take the dressed-atom value, but instead this value multiplied by a factor 1-d, where d is the space dimension. We also calculate the absorption strength for low-energy unbound excitonic states, and derive the absorption-amplitude change close to the band edge. Finally, we give the first correction to the large-detuning limit of the absorption strength, in the case of the lowest excitonic level.
Optical interband excitonic absorption of semiconductor quantum wells (QW’s) driven by a coherent pump field is investigated on the basis of semiconductor Bloch equations. The pump field has a photon energy close to the intersubband spacing between the first two conduction subbands in the QW’s. An external weak optical field probes the interband transition. The excitonic effects and pump-induced population redistribution within the conduction subbands in the QW system are included. When the density of the electron–hole pairs in the QW structure is low, the pump field induces an Autler–Townes splitting of the exciton absorption spectrum. The split size and the peak positions of the absorption doublet depend not only on the pump frequency and intensity but also on the carrier density. As the density of the electron–hole pairs is increased, the split contrast (the ratio between the maximum and the minimum values) is decreased, because the exciton effect is suppressed at higher densities owing to the many-body screening.