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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Two-photon absorption spectra in V-shaped quantum wires including excitonic effects and valence band mixing

D. Marti, M.‐A. Dupertuis, B. Deveaud

Published May 24, 2005• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We calculate the anisotropic two-photon absorption spectra of an AlGaAs-GaAs V-shaped quantum wire with realistic band structure, including excitonic effects. The absorption coefficient is obtained by integrating effective multiband Bloch equations accounting for the Coulomb interaction within the Hartree-Fock approximation. The various excitonic peaks are identified with respect to the involved energy subbands and the symmetry properties. Furthermore, A/sub 2/-excitons, which are dark for one-photon excitation, become bright for two-photon spectroscopy when the light is linearly polarized along a direction that is not a symmetry axis. We show that some of them may be observable.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.2005.846692

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We have investigated the polarization-dependent two-photon absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wires. The anisotropic selection rules of the multiphoton absorption process are exploited to study the one-dimensional 2p exciton states and the transitions between quantum wire subbands of different quantum numbers (\ensuremath{\Delta}ny{\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{y}}ny​\ensuremath{\ne}0 selection rule). The deviations from the selection rules derived for the strict one-dimensional case are discussed, and depend on the actual quasi-one-dimensional character of the excitonic wave functions.
Two-photon absorption spectroscopy was performed in GaAs quantum wells with photon energy \ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega} near half the band gap Eg{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{g}}Eg​. For the case of incident light polarized perpendicular to the confinement direction \ensuremath{\epsilon}^\ensuremath{\perp}z^, the onset of two-photon absorption occurs at the 2P state of the lowest-energy heavy-hole exciton and the absorption increases linearly with 2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}-Eg{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{g}}Eg​. For \ensuremath{\epsilon}^\ensuremath{\parallel}z^, the two-photon spectrum is stepped with superpositions of sharp 1S exciton features at odd \ensuremath{\Delta}N light-hole--conduction-band transitions. These results are used to accurately determine exciton binding energy, successive subband energy splittings, and band offsets.
The coherent optical response of semiconductor quantum wells is studied theoretically using the multiband semiconductor Bloch equations which include coupling of the heavy- and light-hole bands as well as many-body Coulomb effects. For the case of a two-pulse excitation scheme it is shown how the different rotational symmetries of heavy- and light-hole bands induce a strong polarization dependence of the signal in the photon echo direction. The selection rules are based on the Kane-Luttinger theory while the transition amplitudes are obtained by numerically solving the multiband semiconductor Bloch equations. In addition, the influence of valence-band mixing effects on the optical Stark effect is demonstrated.
We have measured two-photon-absorption spectra of GaAs/Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 As quantum-well structures in a static electric field for photon energies near half the band gap energy, and found drastic field-induced-changes in the spectra. The two-photon-absorption peak at half the energy of the lowest light-hole exciton is induced by the static electric field normal to the quantum well layers, in agreement with a theory that takes account of quasi-two-dimensional exciton effects. With increasing the electric field, however, this peak grows more drastically than the theoretical prediction, and it approaches a large value predicted by another simplified theory based on a two-level model.
Photoconductivity measurements revealing two-photon absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells are presented. It is shown that both the forbidden 1S and the allowed 2P excitons can be observed. The energy separation between 1S and 2P excitons is determined directly from the absorption spectra to high accuracy. The data give evidence for two different absorption mechanisms: One is the two-photon absorption and the other one is the absorption of the second-harmonic wave which is generated inside the sample by nonlinear optical processes. By means of this additional absorption mechanism, the observation of the 1S excitions in two-phonon absorption spectra can be explained qualitatively.
Theoretical calculations of the interband optical-absorption spectra of a finite quantum dot superlattice in a wire (QDSLW) in the presence of a homogeneous dc or terahertz field are presented. The QDSLW has miniband structures of the electron states as general quantum well superlattices do and shows the two features common to one-dimensional structures, viz., strong excitonic absorption below and weak absorption above the band edge. The applied dc field causes a redshift of the location and a decrease in height of the main excitonic peak and leads to an increase in height of the minor peak next to the main peak. In the presence of a terahertz field, the Autler-Townes splitting of the main excitonic peak and the emergence of one-photon and two-photon gain peaks on the spectra are demonstrated.